Management Behavior

4. Briefly describe the elements of the formal and the informal organization. Give examples of each.

In today’s complex and ever changing environment, organization continue to experiment with new forms of team development. Some of the most successful teams bring together employees with different talents and perspectives. In this research report, my aim is to have a clear and deep research on teamwork and how it affects businesses so that I can help Tina and Frank who is coming back from overseas to start their own business. Before could anybody start their business, it is very important to learn certain aspects. Team work is one among them. I have included some of the important information I collected through my research in order to help Tina and Frank succeed in their business.

Organizational behavior is the study on how organizational structures affect behavior of its employees within the organization. Organizational systems is the structure that an organizations uses to organize its functions and assign responsibility to its employees. Organizational behavior in any criminal justice organization is how the superiors and the employees relate

Systems theory: a scientific/philosophical approach and set of concepts, rather than a theory, for the transdisciplinary study of complex phenomena. It was first proposed by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the 1940's (anthology: "General Systems Theory", 1968), as a reaction against scientific reductionism*. Rather than reducing a phenomenon (say, the human body) to a collection of elements or parts (say, the organs or cells), systems theory focuses on the relations and interactions between the parts, which connect them into a whole (see holism*). The particular arrangement of

Ludwig von Bertalanffy's systems theory was not created as a healthcare-specific theory, although Bertalanffy's concepts have been extremely influential in the medical field. Simply put, his theory is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Von Bertalanffy was not a biologist but he believed that the biological principles of cellular organization could be applied to other systems. "A system is a complex of interacting elements. Von Bertalanffy also noted that they are open to, and interact with their environments. In addition, they can acquire qualitatively new properties through emergence, thus they are in a continual evolution. System thinking is both part-to-whole and whole-to-part thinking about making connections between the various elements so that they fit together in a whole" (Clark 2011). Systems theory is founded upon the "inescapable irreducibility of the interdependence that comes into play as a result of those interactions" (An outline of general system theory, 2008, Emergence: Complexity and Organization). For example, within the healthcare system, it is not enough for merely one aspect of the system to be functional. The system may have high-quality treatments, but if patients do not have access to care (because they live in rural areas, or lack insurance), the system is still dysfunctional.

Groups of people working together can either be a positive or a negative experience; the deciding factor is the way people in the group are able to collaborate. There are many different ways people work together and many different personalities that either conflict or mesh. People that are extremely different and have strong opinions that are conflicting with other persons of the group will most likely not function to produce positive results. Through reading “In Mixed Company” by J.Dan Rothwell and personal experience I have determined that key factors to groups working as systems are group synergy and the ripple effect.

“Inspired by the International Red Cross movement established to provide assistance to wounded soldiers, the American Red Cross was established in 1881 by Clara Barton and a number of her acquaintances” (Peerbolte, 2011, p. 17). The mission of the American Red Cross remains largely focused on military service members. However, the organization has expanded on its initial purpose. “The American Red Cross was mandated by a modified congressional charter in 1905 to provide assistance to those wounded by war, provide communication between military

negative. And if an employee is indifferent to a reward, valence is 0. The total range is

Hammer can use integrative negotiation to get buy-in for the cost reductions. Integrative negations involve joint problem solving to achieve results that benefit both parties involved. The first step should be to separate the people from the problem. This means, doctors and management should come to the acknowledgement they are negotiating for the greater good, and not attacking each other. No one person in the group should be considered any better than the other. The focus should always remain on cost reduction without compromising the level of healthcare patients receive. All possibilities should be looked at and all criteria should be objective.

However all companies must be aware of these three environments in order to be successful. Therefore, all four approaches to management needs to understand and flow with the changes in the environments. Systems theory is one contemporary approach that immediately takes these contingencies into consideration with its form of managing. Therefore success in the environments is achievable by that form of management, yet there are still economic factors that can affect all businesses.

Cognitive Intelligence (CI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) are considered to be important individual differences in the field of organisational behaviour and there is a lot of research to support this statement. This essay will critically evaluate both concepts and discuss how cognitive ability and EI are applied in modern organisations. It is clear that CI and EI both have very different roles in the modern organisation and they assist in the prediction of success in both personal and professional sectors of ones life. It is important to understand the main difference being that CI implements the individuals mental function for understanding and developing a systematic prospective in thinking whilst EI is considered as the ability for

The effect of systems theory in management is that writers, educators, consultants, etc. are helping managers to look at the organization from a broader perspective. Systems theory has brought a new perspective for managers to interpret patterns and events in the workplace. They recognize the various parts of the organization, and, in particular, the interrelations of the parts, example, the coordination of central administration with its programs, engineering with manufacturing, supervisors with workers, etc. This is a major development. In the past, managers typically took one part and focused on that. Then they moved all attention to another part. The problem was that an organization could, example, have a wonderful central

The shift of research and theory models went through a major shift during the 1960s and 1970s when the “open systems perspective” gained support as an embedded interdependent activities embedded in and dependent on a wider environment. “System theories of organization have two major conceptual themes or components: (1) applications of Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s general system theory to organizations and (2) the use of quantitative tools and techniques to understand to understand complex relationships among organizational and environmental variables and thereby to optimize decisions (Shafritz, Ott, & Jang, 2011).” A system is an organized collection of parts interacting and designed to accomplish specific organizational goals or purposes. The general system theory provides an important perspective for understanding modern organizations. The systems theory views of an organization as being complex set of interconnected elements, such as the inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback loops, and the environment in which it operates and with which is continuously interacts. System theorists are continuing to study the interconnections using organizational decision processes and information and control systems as their focal points of analysis.

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS INSTRUCTIONS: PREPARE THE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS IN THE TUTORIAL DISCUSSION. TOPIC 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO OB a) The workforce diversity is one of the emerging trends/challenges in organizational behavior. Describe how the workforce is diversified and briefly identify two consequences of these diversities for organizations. b) Telecommuting has been identified as an important trend in organizational behavior. Discuss three organizational behavior topics that are influenced by telecommuting. c) Describe why managers require knowledge of OB. d) Explain how the three levels of analysis of OB are related? e) Define

Abraham Maslow explored a hierarchy of needs, from the most basic physical needs to the most internal needs for selfactualization, and found that individuals respond to motivation that meets their lowest need at a particular point in time. This approach to motivation holds considerable potential for companies willing to apply it to their personnel practices. Another goal setting theory by Dr. Lock explained how specific and difficult goals led to better task performance in general. These two theories have been examined in the perspective of GrameenPhone ltd, the biggest cellular company in Bangladesh. Some major impacts of the two theories are visible in every aspect of GrameenPhone ltd. The motivation level of employees in GrameenPhone is