Management Of Resistant Hypertension : An Advance Approach With New Vision

and the information from this case to explain each of the following aspects of blood pressure and discuss

Hypertension is sometimes referred to as the silent killer (Aycock, Kirkendoll, & Gordon, 2013). Today it is a public health problem. According to the American Heart Association 2013 Statistical Fact Sheet (2013), one out of every three adults has high blood pressure, which is estimated at 77.9 million people (AHA, 2013). High blood pressure is also referred to as hypertension. Hypertension is a prevalent medical condition that carries with it the risk factor for increased chances of heart disease and stroke (Gillespie & Hurvitz, 2013). Hypertension remains one of the top 10 causes of worldwide disability-adjusted life years (as cited in Drenjančević-Perić et al., 2011). For the estimated 348, 102 deaths in 2009, high blood pressure was listed as the primary or contributing cause of death (AHA, 2013). Despite the health risk associated with hypertension, the diagnoses of high blood pressure continue to rise. By 2030, hypertension is expected to increase by 7.2% from 2013 estimates (AHA, 2013).

As late as about seven decades ago, elevated blood pressure was considered by many expert physicians to be necessary for the adequate perfusion of vital organs. It was deemed as an unavoidable, hence essential, component of the aging process leading to the coining of the term “essential hypertension”. High blood pressure (BP) was considered as probable natural and necessary compensatory phenomenon that should be left alone even if there were effective treatments (Hay, 1931; White, 1937). This notion was further strengthened by the observed elevated misery and premature death recorded for the patients that were treated for hypertension with the few drugs that were available at the time compared to those that were left untreated (Goldring,

Some symptoms experienced by very few is a sudden increase in nose bleeds, dizziness and headaches. On average a person will not present any signs or symptoms from being hypertensive, it is for that reason that regular monitoring of BP is necessary. Syncope can be a result in too much blood flow to the legs and not enough traveling upwards to supply the brain, which causes a person to faint. Despite these subtle appearances, people will not seek medical attention because they do appear as significant problems. Early detection allows us to effectively control the disease. Hypertension often goes unnoticed until it reaches life threatening stages. The gradual debilitating effects of Hypertension is why it commonly referred to as “The Silent Killer” (Ilyas, 2015). Hypertension is a lifelong disease with no cure. Since Vicki has been diagnosed as being hypertensive, she should implement immediate life changing commitments. Following the physicians treatment guidelines will allow her to live a more normal

Uncontrolled elevated blood pressure with medications in which at one were beneficial by keeping the blood pressured within normal limits.

This drug, like similar combinations, is specified when either agent alone is not sufficient to bring a person's blood pressure down to target range. (13)

According to Ackley, Ladwig, and Makic (2017), “the nursing process is an organizing framework for professional nursing practice, a critical thinking process for the nurse to use to give the best care possible to the client” (p. 2). This process is a series of steps with the intention of gathering information from an individual to analyze if there is a problem within one’s medical history. One way that a disease entity can be found is by creating a genogram. For the purpose of this paper, the author created a genogram and was able to determine a disease entity that was most prevalent in his or her family medical history. The disease that was found to be the most significant was hypertension based on the assessment of each family member and the author’s strengths and risks. With the information that was observed through the initial steps of the nursing process, the author will continue to use this process to assess and diagnose the disease entity found within the family genogram to plan an evidence-based intervention with desired outcomes to fix the problem, to then

After the analysis of this case study, I have chosen to perform research on the patient’s diagnoses of hypertension. Hypertension, also known as, high blood pressure, is a global problem. The desired blood pressure, according to the Joint National Committee are, below 150/90 mmHg for individuals 60 years and older, and below 140/90 mmHg for individuals under 60 years of age (Beeman, 2013, p. 334). Thus, individuals not meeting this criteria have to be treated with drug therapy. Understanding the mechanisms in which normal blood pressure is maintained, will aid in the understanding of hypertension. Systemic arterial pressure is a product of cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance. To maintain a balance between these factors, there are four control systems that play a role: the arterial baroreceptor system, regulation of body fluid volume, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, and vascular autoregulation (Beeman, 2013, p. 337).

□ Hypertension (blood pressure ≤140/90 mm Hg documented on two occasions, at least four hours apart)

No improvement in renal function (decrease in serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dL or increase in creatinine clearance to ≥ 40 mL/min) following withdrawal of diuretics and expansion of plasma volume with 1.5 liter of isotonic saline.

Essential hypertension also referred to as primary hypertension is a disease that doesn't show any symptoms. When symptoms do show that is shows some long term effects that it has had on other organs. Essential hypertension is an idiopathic disease, meaning there isn't no identifiable cause, however it tends to be the consequence of an interaction between environment and genetic factors. That could be why it is called the silent killer, the only way to be diagnosed is by having your blood pressure checked three times at separate physician appointments. Hypertension can lead to many diseases such as, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease,

Hypertension is defined by persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure (BP). Hypertension is the principal cause of stroke, is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and its attendant complications myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, and is a major contributor to cardiac failure, renal insufficiency, and dissecting aneurysm of the aorta.

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure is starting to become a very common cardio vascular diagnosis. Hypertension is classified as a cardiovascular disease caused by elevated blood pressure (Mosby's, 2006, p. 923). Hypertension is more dominant for individuals that have unhealthy lifestyles and have a family history of hypertension. Hypertension is also dominant in individuals that consume more that 5.8 grams of salt per day (Makoff, 2006). Having high blood pressure may cause other health problems if it is not treated. The health problems associated with high blood pressure are dangerous and sometimes fatal. When the blood pressure of a patient rises above 120 over 80 they are medically considered to have high

Hypertension is a common health problem especially among people over age of 60 years. This disease is diagnostic when a patient blood pressure is more than 140 to 159 over 90 to 99. Blood pressure refers to the pressure that blood applies to the inner walls of the Diabetes is an endocrine system disorder that occurs when the body is unable to control or balance the amount of sugar in blood and within bodily tissues. You know that the human body is like a machine, with organ systems that are specialized in certain functions, and interact with each other to allow all vital functions to happen. For the body to stay healthy, it is essential that its internal environment is stable and balanced despite the different changes that can occur inside

This means that the patient could not experience any signs or symptoms of having high blood pressure, even if it is dangerously high. The only way to see if one’s blood pressure is high is to have it checked regularly. However, if someone’s blood pressure is extremely high then some symptoms may arise. These includes: Severe headaches, fatigue or confusion, vision impairments, chest pain, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, or even blood in the urine. A patient who is experiencing these symptoms could be having a hypertensive crisis. This can lead to a heart attack or stroke. If these symptoms go untreated it can lead to a stroke, heart disease, kidney failure, or eye