Management Research According to Badewi (2013), there are two approaches for conducting a

Accept exploratory research in which formulation of hypothesis is impossible. Hypothesis is the main phenomena of all the research to be carried out successfully because it is base on the reality assumption and understanding after reasoning the factual problems. Hypothesis is the main key to success the legal research without hypothesis a research is unfocussed. The hypothesis gave genuine idea and clarity of particular research. The non-legal doctrine research can be known as research which is based on the empirical study by using either primary or secondary data, relying solely on observation and experiment not on theory. The empirical research is an enquiry that attempts to discover and verify general rules allowing us to understand why human beings behave the way they prefer. In conclusion both researches are equally important because it differ from each other with different

There is a particular way in which all research works are carried out. It starts with an issue. It is usually in the form of having little knowledge about the particular subject, knowledge gap or it is some kind of a puzzle. The next step once the identification of the problem is made, is to go through all existing relevant studies in an organized manner to identify potential visions or gaps. The third step is to narrow down the problem to make the hypothesis. When the research is at its end, it should either approve or dismiss the hypothesis. After the third step, the researchers must design the type of research they want to do. Then they must choose a method to successfully conduct the research.

Epistemology or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy related to the scope and nature of knowledge. The subject focuses on examining the nature of knowledge, and how it relates to beliefs, justification, and truth. Epistemology contract with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims. “Epistemology is the philosophical investigation into this question: What can we know? The question, at first, seems pretty simple: It seems pretty obvious that I know that 3+5+8, that the sun will rise tomorrow and that my chances of winning the lottery aren’t very good. I also know

28). Every aspect of the research process is influenced by epistemology, it guides the researcher in justifying the research methods (Carter & Little, 2007; Kramer-Kile, 2012), as it is asking what is knowledge, and how can that knowledge be acquired.

Epistemology is concerned with belief rationality, nature, origin, methods, knowledge validity and limits of human knowledge, (Genest, 2004). Following this observation am committed to understanding how the truth about what I know influences my personal beliefs and ideologies. Eventually, my ultimate concern is to justify and verify the little knowledge I possess. According to the school of evidentialism, the evidence is relevant in the justification of belief, (Clark & VanArragon, 2011). Secondly, ontology is concerned with the entities in the universe, and I must understand it to understand the world. Questions ranging

According to Neuman (2011) epistemology is the issue on how we know the world around us or what makes us claim that it is true, epistemology includes what we need to do to produce knowledge and what scientific knowledge looks like once we have produced it’s an area of philosophy concerned with the creation of knowledge. Epistemology shows us that as people it is important that we do not always accept what we see but that we look deeper at things to understand why something is what it is.

Epistemology suggests the speculation of data embedded in the theoretical perspective and along these lines in the procedure. There are three branches of epistemology, which are positivism, constructivism and Interpretivist. Positivism has been viewed as a utilization of science, in light of the way that it assumes learning has been existed in target conviction. Constructivism and Interpretivist are not exactly the same as positivism, constructivism considered the diverse people make this open space. Besides, follows that learning could illuminate any marvel. (Quinlan, 2011).

In simple terms, epistemology is anything having to do with the subject of knowledge. According to David Entwistle (2015), more specifically, epistemology is in relevance to the nature, possibilities and limitations of knowledge. Epistemology is

In order to elucidate the way in which the choice of epistemology influences the formulation of a management research problem, it is necessary to define the term epistemology and clarify some of the varying epistemological stances. In doing so, the reader will be able to understand the myriad different variations of epistemological viewpoints, each of which shape the direction of research and the sort of problem that research attempts to identify. Management research builds on the long tradition of research in the social sciences (Somekh and Lewin, 2005). Primarily, epistemology provides the very lens through which research is conducted. Certain epistemological lenses, therefore, are best suited for certain types of research and research problems, whereas other research problems can be determined most efficaciously through other epistemological lenses.

Examine the advantages and disadvantages of using both positivist and interpretivist methods of research (20)

There are several theoretical frameworks depending on the research's goal and purposes. Quantitative paradigm is based on positivism paradigm. In, contrast the qualitative paradigm is based on interpretivism and constructivism based on one construction of reality Altheide and Johnson (1994). The ontological position of quantitative paradigm is that there is one truth, an objective reality that exists independent of human perception. Epistemologically the investigator and investigated are dependent entities. Therefore, the investigator is capable of study a phenomenon without influencing it or being influenced by it Guba & Lincoln (1994). In qualitative, epistemological level there is no access to reality independent of our minds no external referent by which to compare claims of truth Smith (1983). The investigator and the object of study are interactively linked so that findings are mutually created within the context of the situation which shapes the inquiry Denzin & Lincoln (1994). This suggest that reality has no existence prior to the activity of investigation and reality ceases to exist when no longer focus on it Smith (1983).

Two techniques were used in collecting participants for the sample of the study. The first technique involved getting the approval of a Citrus Professor and administering surveys to students in their class after the lecture was completed. Before dispensing the surveys, students were instructed by the researchers to thoroughly, read over the consent form. In addition to this technique, researchers approach random students on campus and ask if they will be willing to take a short survey. The students then were briefly told about the purpose of the study, which was to see if there was a correlation between relationship satisfaction and academic performance, and then asked to read and give consent before participating.

.Knowledge and arguments in particular are developed based on a person’s individualised view of the environments and activities within it. According to Flower (2009), it is these individualised views that constitute what is referred to as research philosophy. Basically, research philosophy is the approach taken in construction of knowledge and by extension research. According to Saunders et al. (2009), there are three main types of research philosophy namely: interpretivism, positivism and realism. In this particular study an interpretivist

In doing the research, the methodology must be appropriate so that the analysis findings could reach the objective. Research methodology proposed one procedure in order way to be follow to answer all the questions in the research that want to be made. Quoted by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), methodology is a process that related with research objective and data. In the others word, it is early research planning that include the research scope, data collection method, data collection process and data analysis method. For Ranjit (2005), methodology is one of crucial part in research, in order to ensure the research can be done in the systematic way Overall, this chapter will discuss on the research frame and the methodologies used in order to meet the research objectives. Research process been divided into three main parts there are preliminary research part, data collection and last one data analysis.

The beginning of knowledge comes from metaphysics, theological and positivism. And these put much on a critical stance in the discourse of method. Little (2011), explains that method is a prescriptive body of doctrines to guide inquiry. The ideal of understanding social world underlies in whether to embrace and use principles and guiding procedures of the natural world where positivism dominates in the epistemological consideration. This method has a considerable influence onto social scientist, in promoting the status of survey research and the quantitative analysis (Atkinson and Hammersley, 2007).