Management Strategies In Combating Declining Populations: Case Study

Thought to have been first introduced into the wild via pet owners (Dorcas & Wilson, 20011) have caused significant declines in mammal populations. An observational study conducted by Dorcas et al (2012), found a 90% reduction in encounter rates of a number of species including racoon, opossums, bob cats and white tailed deer over the period 2003-2011 in which Burmese python populations have increased. The introduction of the Burmese python has also caused a significant decline in bird species. A study conducted by Dove et al (2011) found remains of 25 different species of birds in the digestive tracts of 85 Burmese pythons collected from 2003-2008, 4 of which are of special concern in Florida and 1 the ‘Wood Stork’ is listed as endangered. Preying on native wildlife and competing with native predators has impacted the food web and trophic level dynamics of the ecological

The number of wild animals on Earth has halved in the past 40 years . Creatures across the land, rivers, and the seas are destroyed as humans killed them for food in unsuitable numbers, while polluting or destroying their habitats.

Humans have caused another extinction, one that could possibly take us down in the process, species are exponentially going extinct because of habitat loss, species exportation, and invasive species bullying native species. On the other hand, scientists are trying to safe guard native species, keep animals in captivity whether it be for the animals well-being or for research, and widespread invasion. In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting “What Everglades Pythons and Other Invasive Species are Trying to Tell Us,” by Julia Whitty and “The Sixth Extinction,” by Jeff Corwin.

“Restoring an ecologically complete ecosystem in Yellowstone requires the return of willows--and with them, beavers. There's a clear threshold for ecosystem recovery. Willow stands must be more than 6 feet tall, the scientists found. That height is important, says Marshall. Then willows are beyond the reach of browsing elk, and can serve as seed sources for new young willows. Once willows have returned, beavers will gnaw down a certain number of them to build dams. The dams will further slow stream flow, allowing yet more willows to grow. The results offer new insights on the role of wolf-driven trophic cascades in the Yellowstone ecosystem, says Hobbs. Trophic cascades like that in Yellowstone occur when predators--or the lack thereof--in an ecosystem change the abundance or alter traits of their prey, in turn affecting the next lower trophic level.” ("National Science Foundation", 2013)

According to Clifford et al. , The total population for the species in 1994 was approximately 6,000 adults but current population size is less than half that, and island foxes have declined by over 90% on four of six islands (p. 442). By 1995 ecological monitoring on San Miguel and Santa Cruz Islands in the national park had detected rapid and alarming declines in the populations of island foxes there Faced with the imminent extinction of three island fox subspecies, NPS convened ad hoc recovery team in 1999 to assess the status on the northern Channel Islands and to recommend emergency recovery actions. The team, comprising experts in canid conservation, endangered species management, and raptor research and management, concluded that island foxes were rapidly declining toward extinction on the northern Channel Islands. National Park began emergency recovery actions in 1999, with the objectives being to remove the primary mortality factor now affecting island foxes, and to recover island fox populations to viable levels through captive breeding.

Conservation of our biodiversity not only demonstrates foresight, it protects the natural resources so vital to our own continued existence. The value of any single species to an ecosystem is immeasurable; the environment will not endure without its species, despite size or niche. These animals are not dispensable. And, they are apt to face extinction in the not too distant future, unless a resolve for their preservation is insisted by the public and enforced by governments internationally.

Ever Since World War II, Earth’s population has increased by over 250 percent. As of now, Earth’s population is the highest it has ever been. A low fertility rate and an aging population can be the major cause for a dilemma relating to population, with negative social and economic effects. An aging population will be very hard to support financially from the working class, which is ever-declining. If Canada’s population continues to age, the working class will not be able to economically support seniors. The most rapidly growing demographic class in Canada happens to be seniors, and we have been seeing and predicting results of this growth. Since 1921, the population of older adults has more than doubled, and by 1926, it is predicted that one in five Canadians will be over sixty five. One in three Canadians will be older than the age fifty five in only four short years. Moreover, Canada spends billions of dollars helping older adults which includes providing old-age homes, healthcare…etc. Canada’s cost of healthcare is estimated to increase by 35 percent. Taxes in Canada will have to be raised if our publicly supported healthcare is to be secured. Still more, there are plenty more drawbacks to an aging population such as a decreasing working class and tax base. The demographic future puts the government sustainability in danger as taxes will not be coming in as freely as they would with a larger working class. Not only is Canada

This journal explains in thorough detail the impact that wild canids have within Australia, and have effectively represented this through multiple graphical and image depictions. The journal elaborates on the number of management and control techniques that have been put into practice as well as the development in these controls. This journal is specifically related to the video assessment topic as it covers the impact that wild canids have on Australia as well as a number of management schemes that’s been put in place. It will specifically help in the production and planning of the ‘impact and management’ section within the video. The journal is clearly reliable as it has a number of credible authors, is a successfully published journal and

In conclusion, this paper has examined and evaluated the concepts and benefits, along with the plausible downfalls of rewilding. Undoubtedly the concerns brought forward by opponents are conclusive- the reintroduction of alien species to restore ecosystems to the state it was a hundred years ago, sounds unattainable and may possibly destroy the current ecosystems of the Earth. Besides that, it is irrefutable that calamity may surface due to the integration of wildlife into civilization. However, the Earth’s sixth mass extinction is afoot. Thus, the need to rewild is increasingly urgent, if humans continue with their selfish ways the world will see to mass extinction as its fate (“The Sixth Extinction”, 2013). Despite the risks involved in rewilding,

For the successful recovery of an endangered species, accurate monitoring of occupancy and spatial distribution must be conducted to better understand the factors that limit their occurrence (Brubaker 2013). Thus one objective of the ad hoc Amargosa vole team and the CDFW-funded DRIP project undertaken in 2016

“Hunting and ecosystem-based management is the smartest and most cost-effective way to manage our wildlife. The basic idea of ecosystem-based management is that you manage ecosystems rather than specific species or disciplines.” For example “you do not mange pheasants as much as you manage the ecosystem in which the pheasants live. If the ecosystem is improved, it will produce more pheasants naturally.”(1)

Some people suggested alternative approaches for the project with one being very intriguing. A participant proposed the idea of introducing a pack of sterile wolves. Their argument was that, they are a natural predator of the deer with a very high success rate and since they are sterile, they will die out after one generation. Although this is an idea with many controversies, it was refreshing to see people on the island thinking ‘outside the box’ and coming with a way in mitigating the effects. Another interesting suggestion was the use of poison. The participant advocates that it is the fastest way to get rid of a large population and the cheapest approach in a sense. There are several problems that arise with this suggestion as we discussed in class. The use of poison may be effective looking from a scale of a single species, however, all species are part of a food chain and the trophic cascade will take into effect. With the deer being killed by poison, those digesting the carcass will also intake some of the poison and so on after its death from the poison. It is important to acknowledge that the deer are part of the current ecosystem and are contributing to the nutrient cycle. By adding poison into this system, it will not only affect the deer population, it will affect the entire ecosystem, which, I believe, the participant did not take into account.

Since decades, health of population has been affected by geographic location and surrounding environment. Therefore, it is obvious that there would be a difference in the health status of the population of rural and urban areas. The urban and rural populations are differentiated by varieties of socio economic, demographic and educational factors. The people in urban areas usually have high standard of living, financial status and education level in comparison to people in rural areas. While focusing on the rural areas in Missouri, one such rural population exists in Dade County, Missouri. It is located in southwest Missouri with population size of 7,628, and it is ranked 101 in Missouri in terms of population size

Every aspect on demography comes into play when combined into unison from the perspective of a person’s environment. Factors such as age, ethnicity, gender and class are highly important in shaping a person’s environment, where a different combination is met with a distinct response, thus placing great emphasis on the understanding of intersectionality through the lens of the sociological imagination. Through social ecology, intersectionality and the sociological imagination intertwines together to connect social issues and environmental problems as interrelated, where to solve one side, the other side can not be ignored. To help protect our environment, we must begin to consider beyond the industry cultures, but on the combination of all our carbon footprint’s effect on the environment.

Pain comes on a spectrum.  Pain can be a piercing pain, like a needle piercing the skin. Pain can be throbbing waves of delirium that come from getting hit in the head. Pain can be an internal stimulus that inhibits thoughts of bliss. Hunger is the pain or uneasy sensation caused by the want of food, and affects a large amount of people worldwide.  The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates about 795 million people of the 7.3 billion people in the world suffer from chronic malnourishment in a 2014-2016 study (worldhunger.org, 2016).   The ability for humans to grow exponentially on a limited amount of land is dangerous, for eventually the amount of resources available will not be succinct enough to allow everyone to live.  This leads to the question on whether population control should be enacted to prevent such an event. But with the world’s population projected to reach 10.1 billion people by the year 2100, it is evident that some change must occur. (Becker, 2011).  Actions have been taken by the biochemical community to better understand human nutritional needs and revolutionized how crops are grown.