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Management Theories of Training

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Management Theories of Training Reinforcement theory emphasizes that people are motivated to perform or avoid certain behaviors because of past outcomes that have resulted from those behaviors. There are several processes included in reinforcement theory. Positive reinforcement is a pleasurable outcome resulting from a behavior (Noe, 2009). Negative reinforcement is the removal of an unpleasant outcome. Social learning theory emphasizes that people learn by observing other people (models) whom they believe are credible and knowledgeable. Social learning theory also recognizes that behavior that is reinforced or rewarded tends to be repeated (Noe, 2009). The models’ behavior or skill that is rewarded is adopted by the observer. Learning new skills or behavior comes from: directly experiencing the consequences of using that behavior or skill or the process of observing others and seeing the consequences of their behavior. Hourly and professiona1 employees should be trained based on social learning theory. Social learning as described by Albert Bandura has four principle components. These components are “attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation” (Kretchmar, 2008). In Bandura’s theory of social learning, people learn by modeling others through observation. They retain this knowledge and then reproduce it. This is the opposite of the behavioral models, which predict that learning takes place over a period and through a process of rewards and

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