Management Theory & Practice

Controlling- Controlling is a backward looking plan as it analyzes if the actual results are in accordance with the planned results. First of all, performance standards are established then actual results are measured, after this follows the comparisons of the planned and actual results and figure out deviations, if any and lastly corrective actions are being taken to avoid such deviations in the future. Dell is a consumer-friendly brand and to maintain its competitive edge in the market it provides after sales services and asks consumers for their valuable feedback to maintain the quality of their products (Rogers, et al., 2006).

Organizational theory as it applies to health care introduces a complex and challenging situation. The health care environment introduces challenges to a structured organization which may not be present in traditional business. For example, measuring output may be difficult in an environment of daily uncertainty, it would be nearly impossible to predict or plan for all of the specific tasks, activities and business interactions in any one unit in the hospital setting. Additional challenges include complex, variable work that cannot often be deferred, work performed under emergency circumstances, high degree of

We are now seeing the use of technology applications for disease self-management and patient empowerment yielding the potential to improve the overall state of a person’s health care. When these apps are also coupled with telehealth interventions, a unique opportunity is created that enables proactive interventions to improve compliance with medications, as well as shared decision-making by both patients and clinicians – core principles to support best practice models in managing these chronic respiratory disease states (9-11). For example, patient-generated data from mobile apps can be directly transmitted to a patient’s team of clinicians (for example, a medical home) where the data

| Maintain information links both inside and outside organization via mail, phone calls, and meetings.

With the support of relevant examples, examine the development of management theories and how these theories may affect the management practices in PRIMARK:

All the processes within an organization should be planned and carried out in a way that they would not only support the strategies but the business vision as well. In case that the processes aren't planned in a manner that they would support the goals of the firm they can not only reduce the productivity of the firm but can also face the risk of being terminated (Carr, 1996; Gouillart, 1995; Gareth, 2006).

Heralded as “the smartest supermarket you never heard of” (Dooley, R., 2014) HEB Grocery (HEB) is currently celebrating 110 years in business. Founded in 1905, in the Texas Hill Country town of Kerrville, HEB began as little more than an ambitious dream and a $60 cash investment (Lester, S., 2015). Today, HEB operates over 340 stores throughout Texas and Mexico, serving over 155 communities, employing over 70,000 partners (rather than simply “employees”), and has amassed retail sales of over $20 billion annually. These accomplishments have garnered such accolades as “2010 Retailer of the Year” by Progressive Grocer (Vaughn, V., 2010); “#15 America’s Largest Private Companies” by Forbes Magazine (Forbes, 2013) and was the first company – rather than an individual – to be inducted into the Texas Business Hall of Fame (Dennis, J., 2013).

Panera bread Ronald Shaich, CEO and chair man of Panera bread made a phenomenal growth in revenue of the company from $350.8 million to $ 977.1 million in just 3 years from year 2000 to 2003. However the growth has continued slowing down from that year on so a strategy is being strategized to help Panera Bread survive.

Since its early days, management has been studied by various theorists and has provided scholars with much to study and discuss. Early principles were developed and expounded upon. Research and studies allowed the field to grow and evolve as improvements and new discoveries were made. Theorists soon discovered the complexity of management and that there was no single way to manage all people or circumstances. This observation led theorists to research various methods to bring a level of flexibility into management.

The main focus behind the development of management theory is the quest for good ways to make use of managerial means. Management theory evolves constantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa (Aguinaldo & Powell, 2002). Progression in management theory normal happen as key personnel discover great methods to accomplish the most important management responsibilities: planning, organiz-ing, leading, and controlling human and other managerial means. This paper will show how man-agement theory having to do with suitable management processes has emerge in modern times, and view the main aspects that have led to its prosperity.

Scientific management, also called Taylorism, was a theory of management that analyses and synthesizes workflow. Its main objective is the improvement of economic efficiency, especially labour productivity. It was one of the first attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and management.

1. Describe how the need to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness has guided the evolution of management theory. 2. Explain the principle of job specialization and division of labour, and tell why the study of person–task relationships is central to the pursuit of increased efficiency. 3. Identify the principles of administration and organization that underlie effective organizations. 4. Trace the changes that have occurred in theories about how managers should behave in order to motivate and control employees. 5. Explain the contributions of management science to the efficient use of organizational resources. 6. Explain why the study of the external environment

“They love ‘their’ company, they love their job, and they are used to getting their own way” [in reference to founder-CEO’s] (Heller, 2008). Larry Page, president of products, also known for his great leadership skills and labeled as a “micromanager” eventually turned the reigns over to Eric Schmidt in 2001. Google utilizes a “tight top to bottom approach and despite its college like campus has a large portion of the control placed at the top of the structure. The original founders maintain a tight grip on many of the company decisions. Both Larry and Sergey were hesitant to give up control to a CEO with business experience and even after accepting a CEO, the duo kept him on a short leash” (Vise, 2005, p. 111).

According to Brech, E.F.L. (1965), Organisation – the Framework of Management (2nd edition) Longman, described organisation as ‘the framework of the management process’.

For the purpose of a deeper understanding on the theories and aspects of management, I have chosen two different individuals who both work as managers in their vastly different fields. Each one has had to developed their own use and understanding of the management skills, and how to used them to improve and adapt the fundamental skills of a successful manager to their everyday challenges.