Management of Primary and Secondary Education in Nigeria

Describe the characteristics of the different types of schools in relation to educational stage(s) and school governance

Illita H (1996). Some Psychological Effects on Nigeria's Economic Couch on the Teachers and Consequently their understudies. The Counselors 14 (1): 39-40.

1.2 Explain the characteristics of the different types of schools in relation to educational stage(s) and school governance.

Explain the characteristics of the different types of schools in relation to educational stage(s) and school governance.

child aged 3 & 4 is entitled to receive part time early years education of up to

Before a child reaches school age they are entitled to free early year’s education from the early year’s foundation stage (EYFS). The aim of the EYFS is to ensure that all children under five benefit from a safe, secure and happy environment where they can play and develop, laying the foundation for success with the primary school curriculum. There are 6 key areas the EYFS are trying to combat and they are:

Today, we have advantaged schools and disadvantaged schools. Due to so many biases in the educational sector today, some schools are well equipped with the right resources and state-of-the-art infrastructure. Usually, these learning institutions are located in the rich neighborhoods or are privately owned by individuals. The opposite is the case for schools that are located outside this neighborhood. They are branded as poor schools, and they are left with poor infrastructure with less resources and sub-standard education because there are not enough teachers. Technology in these kinds of schools is too obsolete for students to benefit from it. The future of education depends on the responses or support from the government. The government needs to step in and improve the current state of our schools and equip them to increase the quality of education. Government needs to step up the need for teachers and encourage teachers in order to solve the problem of attrition rate in the public schools. The future of education in the United States of America is bright, but this entire problem, especially the attrition rate, will become a stumbling block to the growth of education. The budget allocated to the department of education should be increased enough for the school district to be able to counter the problem of attritional rate between teachers. The government should ensure all technology and infrastructures are up to date. The teacher-to-student ratio has to be brought down to a very reasonable figure by employing more teachers and building new classes. Technology is rapidly increasing and changing so e –learning should be incorporated into school curriculum to ensure future education is secured in the area of online studies. E-learning should be introduced into school curriculum in such a way that students will be able

1.2 Describe the characteristics of the different types of schools in relation to educational stage and school governance

Education system in England is divided into three stages: Pre-compulsory, compulsory and post-compulsory. Compulsory education is broken down into 4 phases known as ‘key stages’. All teaching during the key stages is based on the National Curriculum; however schools in the independent sector may choose whether or not to follow this. (Tutorial, Laser Learning Ltd 2010, 17/01/2012, http://stonebridge.laserlearning.org/TCC_Template_1.aspx?ur=100429&ln=TDA32-1.1)

EXPLAIN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCHOOLS IN RELATION TO EDUCATIONAL STAGE(S) AND SCHOOL GOVERNANCE

The Republic of Niger, a poor, landlocked country, located in the heart of Sub-Saharan West Africa. Niger has seen its fair share of change throughout the decades; moving away from the control of the French Parliament in 1960, Niger formally declared its independence. Despite this bold act of independence, Niger would not see its first steps towards democracy until the early 1990’s, when they held their first open election as a free state. However, even with the empowerment of the people in a democratic government, Niger has seen itself nearly torn apart as a result constant coups, that have occurred as recently as 2010. Such instability has led to incredulous amounts of corruption and poverty, within the Niger government. This lack of stability and constant turnover in government, has been a driving factor behind the lack of resources available for education in Niger.

Early childhood education lays the foundation for future success. Therefore, primary education is a basic right that every child should be entitled to. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, one in five children received a primary education in the past and the proportions have considerably increased now to 59%. But even with this considerable increase to children who receive a primary education, literacy rates haven’t improved due to the inadequate quality of education. Therefore, lack of an adequate primary education is a problem in sub-Saharan Africa because it causes low literacy rates that harm the overall welfare of those countries and it could be best solved with a better internal education system and some external monetary aid.

Before we begin, let’s take a look at the country and its environs. Nigeria a former British Colony, located in the western part of Africa, it shares borders with Benin, Cameroun, and Niger. A growing population of 150million, labour force of 51million (70% Agriculture, 10% industry and 20% service), urbanisation is less than 40%, GDP is over $300billion, Per capita income is $2300. Nigeria is blessed with different cultures, languages and ethnic groups (252 in total); this was due to the colonization of the British in the early 19th century (Columbia Encyclopaedia). The British amalgamated its protectorates in 1914 to enable stable control and governance which made them create one Nation of Nigeria formed from all the groups, community and empires around the Niger area under their control. Nigeria had her independence on the 1st of October 1960 and since then various civil wars, political and religious unrest in the country to share power and resources amicably.

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” - Nelson Mandela. Without education, there is simply no telling of what this world would be like. There wouldn’t be doctors, lawyers, businesses etc. Life and everything around us would be fatuous. Schools and education give us a plan in life and help guide us. Throughout the years education has changed tremendously. It had its improvements throughout the decades, and it also has had its falters as well. Education in America is an issue in this country and it definitely needs to be tweaked and improved. Education is what makes us people who we are and what we will be. Nelson Mandela had it right, there is no weapon more powerful than education.

It is a common and well known saying that history repeats itself. This saying has more to it than the literal definition of it, it means we need to study it and learn from it, in order to avoid repetition. Often times we have that opportunity to study and learn from history in a way that can impact the future, in a hopefully positive way. In terms of education, improvement and innovation is always a top priority. If we can properly combine the study of other cultures with the study of history, we can have an extremely effective tool for learning ways to positively impact our own generation and future. In this essay, I will attempt to uncover the differences between current education and traditional African education, with intention of learning how to apply it today. The idea behind studying history is that it is a vital part of learning and adopting successful techniques and a good tool for avoiding the repetition of mistakes. If pre-colonial Africa can have success without the resources and technologies we have today, then it is valuable to invest time and effort in mirroring some of their methods.