Managerial Epidemiology Case Study

Giving birth to a baby is the most amazing and miraculous experiences for parents and their loved ones. Every woman’s birth story is different and full of joy. Furthermore, the process from the moment a woman knows that she’s pregnant to being in the delivering room is very critical to both her and the newborn baby. Prenatal care is extremely important and it can impact greatly the quality of life of the baby. In this paper, the topic of giving birth will be discussed thoroughly by describing the stories of two mothers who gave birth in different decades and see how their prenatal cares are different from each other with correlation of the advancement of modern medicine between four decades.

Provide full antenatal care including the screening tests in the hospital, community and at home.

Within Victoria there are multiple models of maternity care available to women. An initial discussion with the woman’s treating GP during the early stages of her pregnancy is critical in her decision-making about which model of care she will choose and this key discussion is essential in allowing a woman to make the first of many informed decisions throughout her pregnancy. According to a survey conducted by Stevens et al. (2010) only 43% of women felt ‘they were not supported to maintain up-to-date knowledge on models of care, and most reported that model of care referrals were influenced by whether women had private health insurance coverage.’ Many elements of these models of care differ: from location of care, degree of caregiver continuity, rates of intervention and maternal and infant health, outcomes access to medical procedure, and philosophical orientation such as natural or medical (Stevens, Thompson, Kruske, Watson, & Miller, 2014). According to the World Health Organization (1985) and Commonwealth of Australia (2008) there is a recognition that ‘85% of pregnant women are capable of giving birth safely with minimal intervention with the remaining 15% at potential risk of medical complications’ (McIntyre & Francis, 2012).

Childbirth is one of the greatest privileges on the earth anyone could have and we, as women, should feel proud to be major contributors for it. Thus, a mother has to play a key role in aiding the healthcare workers to mitigate the health crisis associated with childbirth by performing her duties faithfully. One such associated health crisis is “Premature (preterm) birth” which occurs when the baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of gestational period (CDC, 2015). The rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born across 184 countries (WHO, 2015).

Early prenatal care is extremely important for the future baby's health. Although prenatal care is funded by the Provincial and Federal Governement, not all women receive prenatal care on Prince Edward Island. This could be as simple as not being able to get transportation to

The clinic will stay exactly as it is, with the consequence that it will not be able to provide the needed healthcare to the growing demand. The growing amount of people in need of healthcare in the community will have to continue to travel

Patients should be given information regarding the importance of prenatal care and availability of prenatal care for future pregnancies.

Blake Memorial Hospital’s internal weaknesses include: poor quality of care, increasing operating debt and costs, poor location, a high percentage of Medicaid low-scale reimbursement, forceful physician demands, and potential physician defection. For example, most payments for the in-house services at Blake Memorial Hospital were not successfully collected. In addition, the income has remained fixed while the hospital expenses continued to increase. Moreover, the six off-site clinics are in bad condition and need to be rectified (Rakish et al., p. 136).

Looking at the 2009 Operating Budget, is easy to deduct that PFCH management team has been practicing successful management techniques augmenting the revenues in almost 10% from 2008 in comparison with not even a 6% in expenses increase. For 2010 the percentages of increase are lower based on the assumption that a three percent general deflation rate for prices in 2009 will continue into 2010 as a result of the weak economy (Virtual Organizations, 2011). The figures are as follows: Patient revenue and total revenue will increase three percent in 2010, and even if it is at a decreased rate with little or no increase in patient volume, resulting of new managed care contracts, the tendency of having a major increase in revenues than expenses continues with only a 1.26% expenses increase.

From the results, it is evident that the interventions were effective in increasing ANC coverage and improving other pregnancy related issues that emerged as a result of lack of or insufficient ANC. They addressed the common problems that affected the utilization of ANC, these included: maternal knowledge, accessibility to health care facilities and financial difficulties. Accordingly, as doctors and future practitioners, it is imperative that as we provide maternal and antenatal care, we structure the health care services we provide around the patient and cater to a patient's individual preferences, needs and concerns. We are advised to accommodate the patient as much as we can, which means providing them with care that is specific to them

- Currently there are no outreach services for the community. The hospital has been functioning

Andy Cutler needs to be able to present factual information to show that the C and E department is worth keeping. You state that Cutler needs to be able to prove that clients from the workshops are actually coming to the clinic for other services. I agree that this could be done by proper documentation and using an effective evaluation method. You state that there should be monthly activity reports to track the number of clients that are being served. The monthly reports are a great idea, but waiting for an entire month before a report is given may be to long. With the reports I feel they should be weekly at the end of the business week so that the numbers can be reviewed and see where there needs to be improvement before an entire month

The WHO report (3) estimates there are slightly more than 59 million health care workers in the world. Of the 4.3 million shortages, India appears as one of the dozens of countries with a critical shortage of health care providers (4-6). A Critical shortage of health care providers means for every given birth, less than 80 percent have skilled birth attendants present. The data further suggests that a country must have between 2.02 and 2.54 skilled birth attendants (doctors, nurses, or midwives) per 1000 population to support growth and maintain a strong health care system. Estimates place India at 1.87 skilled birth attendants per 1000 population (7).

We do not know if there are technical problems or they do not think this is necessary, but because of this problem, actual costs driven by area used for natural birth services cannot be calculated. The maternity ward’s space is used as substitution, but the costs are overestimated, because the calculation is to take the maternity ward’s space and divide it by total hospital square feet to get a percentage, then times the total overhead cost for the portion, since the maternity ward house both natural birth and other patients, the percentage of natural birth patients’ area is actually much smaller. Overestimated total cost will lead to an overestimated

Prenatal care is widely accepted as an important element in improving pregnancy outcome. (Gorrie, McKinney, Murray, 1998). Prenatal care is defined as care of a pregnant woman during the time in the maternity cycle that begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor. A medical, surgical, gynecologic, obstretic, social and family history is taken (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 1998). It is important for a pregnant woman as well as our society to know that everything that you do has an effect on your baby. Because so many women opt not to receive the benefits of prenatal care, our society sees the ramification, which include a variety of complications primarily