Managerial Processes & Organizational Behavior

4. Briefly describe the elements of the formal and the informal organization. Give examples of each.

The psychological attitude of each employee will determined the attitude of the company. It is important to have a positive, stable, determined attitude in the workplace. This will result in deadlines, goals and objectives being met, individually and as a whole.

High-performing organisations focus heavily, in their recruitment and selection procedures, on attitude assessment. Attitude is the component of employee behaviour that indicates motivation-support for organisational goals, potential for active involvement I improvement processes, and cooperation when required,

Robbins and Judge define "attitudes" as “evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.” Jessica’s attitudes towards her job switched from favorable to unfavorable after a change in policy. Henceforth, she was less productive in her job and expressed signs of low job satisfaction. After leaving her Mental Health Technician position for a job in Counseling, she was able to return to her normal, happy and productive self. This case study illuminates the direct correlation between job performance, job satisfaction, and attitude.

Well-constructed employee attitude surveys can provide insight into organizational characteristics which impact employee behavior and organizational performance (Williams, 1998). Companies may use survey results to modify their management style, organizational culture, workplace characteristics, or incentives in order to improve worker satisfaction and overall productivity (Williams, 1998). Although the link between employee attitudes and actual work performance has been found to be somewhat inconsistent (Schleicher, Watt, & Greguras, 2004), research has confirmed at least a moderate correlation between job satisfaction and rates of employee absenteeism and turnover (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, & Konopaske, 2012).

Employee attitudes can be described as their viewpoints by workers regarding various aspects of their job responsibilities, careers, and organizations. Nonetheless, the most significant and widely recognized attitude of an employee in an organization is associated with

Managers should ensure their employees have effective job attitudes towards their work and the organization. In his video lesson, Dr. Fisher listed humility and displaying a positive core of self-evaluation as some of those effective attitudes (Fisher, 2011). It is also important to recognize negative attitudes which can lead to job dissatisfaction, employee absenteeism and possibly higher turnover rates. Agencies should attempt to avoid negative perceptions of organizational citizenship by their employees when possible (Robbins & Judge,

Organizational structure plays a huge role in dividing, grouping and coordinating activities within organizations. This helps to create a formal description of how job tasks are performed and also helps in other aspects such as departmentalization and specifying the role of each department, work specialization where each person gets a specific task based on their department and role, creating a chain of command through which issues arising within the organization are sorted ADDIN EN.CITE Okpara2004314(Okpara, 2004)31431432OkparaJob Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Are there differences between American and Nigerian Managers Employed in the US MNCs in Nigeria?Academy of Business & Administrative SciencesMaster's in Business Administration2004SwitzerlandBriarcliffe College( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_5" o "Okpara, 2004 #314" Okpara, 2004). It also helps in defining the span of control through which the supervisors know how many subordinates work under them ADDIN EN.CITE Schneider2002611(Schneider, 2002)61161117Schneider, MargueriteA Stakeholder Model of Organizational LeadershipOrganization ScienceOrganization Science209-2201322002INFORMS10477039http://www.jstor.org/stable/308599410.2307/3085994( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_9" o "Schneider, 2002 #611" Schneider, 2002). Organizational structure also defines the centralization or decentralization of activities within the organization and helps to create

It was found that the good attitudes affect job performance more than the bad attitudes. The study showed, negative attitude resulted in some degree of physical or psychological withdrawal from the job and the degree of loyalty is varying based on job satisfaction. Finally, although the participants themselves perceived that mental health is affected, the results showed no clear evidence for that. In order to increase satisfaction, the motivation factors must be improved (Herzberg et al., 1959). Thus, it is said that, the motivation can improve the motivation level among

and increased job satisfaction. Our readings from Kinicki & Fugate provide of the behavioral concept of components of attitudes. There are tactics that can be incorporated in the

Business mangers today are facing two main challenges because of the rapid global economic growth: one is organizational efficiency; the other is the necessity to improve competitive strategies (Wang, 2007). To keep up with this growth, they need to improve productivity to increase enterprise revenue and also invent new technologies or products to expand markets. It is pointed out by Hurst (1995), employee attitudes is a key factor which influence a company’s future success. That is because people’s attitudes decide their behavior (Cooper and Croyle, 1984), therefore, it is of great importance that companies and

Systems Theory which was first proposed by Ludwig von Bertelanffy (Hungarian biologist) in 1928, believes the different parts of an organization are all interrelated, thus if one variable is changed, this change could have an impact on the other parts of the organization. It further argues that, organizations are open systems, which constantly relate with its environment, where they are in a peculiar equilibrium, as they adjust to changes in the environment.

Manager is anyone who responsible for the work of other people. Stewart (1988) defines manager as those above a certain level in the hierarchy, usually those above foreman level on the works side and those above the first level of supervision in the offices. Managerial behaviour is the behaviour that can be reported, whether from observation by others or by self-reports. Managerial objective is the aim that a manager of a firm wants to achieve. In perfect markets a proper managerial objective is to maximize its firm's market value.

Internal thoughts or feelings provide motivation for people to behave in a certain manner (Spector, 2012). In the work environment, attitudes can indicate an employee’s feelings towards coworkers, superiors, and position within the organization or a desire to realize a goal (Rodell, 2013; Spector, 2012). Although attitudes are internal, they can affect how an individual behaves. Therefore, behavior, whether good or bad, is often the way in which an employee responds to his attitude toward his position in the company (Rodell, 2013). There are different viewpoints of motivation. One perspective considers direction, that is, choice of specific behavior, intensity, or amount of

This requires extensive product, policy and procedure knowledge and skill to communicate effectively with the clients. They also require the knowledge and skill to identify specialised client needs and to operate tools that enables performance efficiency and effectiveness.