Manic Depression : Symptoms Of Symptoms And Treatments

There is more to the treatment of bipolar disorder than medication, but the medication Lithium has been the primary treatment since the 1960’s. In four studies

The most striking impact was found for the hospitalization rate, which fell by 82 per cent (3). This has considerable economic significance, as hospitalization accounts for a major proportion of direct costs in major psychiatric illness. It is important to note that all of this evidence far exceeds the available support for possible alternatives to lithium treatment, including application of anticonvulsant, antipsychotic, or sedative agents. Still, investigators have yet to discover the pharmacological effects of lithium that are responsible for its ability to eliminate mania. Many posit that the drug stabilizes the population of certain classes of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain (particularly serotonin receptors), preventing wide shifts in neural sensitivity, and in turn, influencing mood (4).

Though the symptoms of bipolar disorder are serious and it lacks a cure, there are many treatment options that can drastically include the quality of life of patients. There are numerous medications that can be prescribed to limit the severity of manic and depressive episodes. These medications help regulate the moods of patients, and they can even prevent severe mood episodes altogether. However, the side effects that come with these medications can be difficult to manage. Sometimes, these side effects are as minor as excessive drooling, but they can also cause weight gain, sexual dysfunction, sleepiness, and insomnia. In the most severe cases, however, some medications can cause organ failure and death. That is why it is important for patients

Bipolar Disorder is an affective disorder, as defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), as including both episodes of major depressive disorder and at least one either manic or hypomanic episode in the course of one’s lifetime. Regardless of individual disorder specifiers, or the distinction between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders, it is a recurrent disorder that requires long-term psychopharmacology as the main source of treatment to prevent condition relapse or deterioration (Hayes et Al., 2016; Sylvia et Al., 2014). According to Preston, Talaga, and O’Neal, 2017) the medications of Lithium and Divalproex (Depakote) are recommended as the 2 primary options for

In 1995, Depakote was approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorder and is slowing becoming the most widely prescribed drug for the use on mania. Depakote hasn't totally replaced lithium; however, it is being used on patients that were not previously treatable with lithium. Compared with lithium, Depakote doesn't have all the bad side effects when properly administered. Patients taking Depakote find their thinking is clearer and don't seems to have the kidney and thyroid problems (Burns 104-106). The antipsychotic drug Clozaril also has been used to stabilize the moods of bipolar disorders, especially those that have not responded to lithium and the anticonvulsants. One major side effect of Clozaril is that is suppresses the production of white blood cells on about 1% of patients (Harvard Mental Health Letter, June 1997). Because of this side effect, doctors have to be extremely careful when prescribing.

Lithium is the medication most extensively used to treat the mania and depression of Bipolar I. Marketed under the brand names of Eskalith or Lithobid (Martin, 2011), Lithium is often prescribed as maintenance therapy due to its highly-reported success in reducing the frequency/severity of mania, preventing mania, lessening depression and reducing the risk of suicide (Wyatt, 2011). What is more, researchers have found that the earlier Lithium is used, the higher the reduction of morbidity among

First identified in 1940 by John Cade, an Australian researcher, earlier experiments with lithium showed it to have almost miraculous results on a group of individuals with established mania. Some of these individuals had spent several years in mental institutions. After lithium initiation, the symptoms disappeared and they were discharged. Despite its success, it was not until 1970 that the drug received FDA approval to be employed in the treatment of the disorder. Lithium is widely available in both sugar-free liquid forms and pill (Su, et al., 2004).

Even though most of the patients fully return to a functional level between the crises, approximately 30% of them report having severe difficulties in their work role function (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007). When the patient has acute mania, Haloperidol is the most used medication for its properties of rapid sedation (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007). Another medication that is used is IM olanzapine to calm acute manic agitation (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007). When the patient has extreme hyperactivity, typical antipsychotics are used to relieve symtoms of dehydration and cardiovascular stress (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007). Lithium is a very common medication given to a patient with manic episodes (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007). One important aspect to take into account with Lithium is that the dose should be administered downward as the mania starts to diminish to keep the blood level in a reasonable range (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007).

“The main concern is that children whose behavior only superficially matches the bipolar checklist get treated with antipsychotic drugs, which can succeed in calming them down, even if the diagnosis is wrong. These drugs can have unpleasant and sometimes dangerous side effects.” Depending on the person’s mental health diagnosis, other medications can be used to alleviate symptoms. Lithium is a mood stabilizer used to reduce the risk of suicidal thoughts. Lithium reduces the risk of suicide by 60% in comparison to other medications.” Lithium is simply a salt that has been used since the 1950’s according to Dr. R. Chacko MD, professor of psychiatry at Houston Methodist Hospital”. Many other antipsychotic medications are now available for different cases of bipolar disorder. "For treatment of depressive bipolar episodes, mood stabilizers are preferred to antidepressants because antidepressants may cause a switch into a manic episode or aggravate irritability in mixed-symptom mania. Gabapentin (Neurontin) is not a mood stabilizer, but may have antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects." Anticonvulsants have been established as having anti-manic or antidepressant properties that are sometimes considered experimental treatments in bipolar disorder. Never the less patients are encouraged to be consistent with taking their medications at all times in order to

Bipolar disorder could be described as a difficult and diverse mood disorder, witch could be defined by the amount of depressive, manic, hypomanic, and mixed episodes. Aretaeus of Cappadocia had been the first to practice and have the best information on bipolar depression in the medical field during the 1st Century in Greece. His notes between mania and depression had been overlooked for a very long time. Greeks and Romans were responsible for the terms mania and melancholia, which now mean manic and depressive. The Greeks had also even revealed that using lithium salt while taking a bath could calm manic patients and lift the spirits of peoples that were depressed.. Today, lithium is a well-known treatment for patients that suffer

There have two types of Bipolar disorder, mania and depression. Both of it have the different symptom that show up by mania is more severe and has a tendency of violence. The one who be mania can lose ability to work, and social skill also. “With the mania, the teen might be abnormally happy, energetic, and very talkative, with no need for sleep for days.” (Roy Benaroch, MD, August 2014) Even it seem fine that people being abnormally happy or very talkative but the mania patient’s mood can change to opposite very quickly, which mean those person can be severe mood very quickly as well. However, the types of bipolar that has more number of patient is depression, its symptom is boring, lonely, or sorrow. This type of bipolar has found in teenager

Manic Depressive Treatments Introduction Lithium was discovered in 1949 by John Cade as a treatment for bipolar disorder. Since then, lithium has become a highly utilized medication for manic depression. Chemistry of Lithium and Route of Access Name: Lithium Group number: 1 Symbol: Li Group name: Alkali metal Atomic weight: [6.941 (2)] g m r Period number: 2 CAS Registry ID: 7439-93-2 Block: s-block

In current research, treatment to bipolar disorder seems to be better developed because there are many medicines that can be used to treat the sufferers. Acute mania which is a bipolar disorder that need medical emergency, can be treated effectively by neuroleptic drugs (Belmaker, 2004). This kind of medicine is believed to prevent bipolar disorder to act violently. However, the sufferers might have a companion to supervise or accompany them, so when they forget to consume the medicine, the companion can remind them to consume it. Government