Manly Beach Research Report

The coastal management strategies are not very effective as gathered from the surveys. On average, the participating surveyees gave the strategies a 4 out of a possible 5. This data were gathered from visitors/neighbourhoods who visit on average frequently. The main concern that would need conventional changes are council clean ups for rubbish track paths, washrooms and toilets, increase and improvement in stores and clubs as well as the immediate removal of pet litter.

This report will discuss the beach of Glenelg on the coast of South Australia. Aspects that will be elaborated on are the history of Glenelg, the location, natural processes that affect Glenelg, human impact at Glenelg, stakeholders in Glenelg, summary of management strategies that have been employed in the past and an evaluation of strategies that could be considered for the future management for Glenelg.

Seawalls are also strategies that Cronulla and Collaroy implement on their beaches. However, the seawalls in Collaroy are buried under the sand and are only visible after large-scale erosion events. Whereas Cronulla beach’s seawalls are visible and reduce the scenic

The Cronulla beach environment features a variety of issues that are both physical and human related; the most prominent issues are erosion, inappropriate development and also pollution. However despite the many issues present at Cronulla, there are a variety of coastal management strategies being administered in order to combat these problems that have a potentiating threat on the beach biome. The predominant strategies used to counter these problems are Seabee walls, Seawalls, and also signage, bins and fences; and these five solutions each have advantages and disadvantages, which ultimately prove whether or not, the strategy itself is successful.

The aim of this report is to investigate Long Reef and Collaroy Beach’s coastal management.

The beach is a sand spit that stretches 2.8km long, linking to the sandstone of Sutherland Point at the east. Also the eastern side of the beach is the site on which captain cook first set foot on Australian soil in 1770. The beach is surrounded by various oil refineries and import terminals along with multiple houses that are alongside the road. There are a total of 13 groynes that have been placed in in the 1970’s to stop long shore drifts. At the end of the 13th groyne there is a jetty that stretches out for 1km that has been placed for the oil refinery. During the investigation both primary and secondary sources were discovered of the Silver beach at Kurnell. Focusing on the effects of pollution of the particular area, data was collected on the development and outcomes given from pollution. On the route to the beach there happened to a large industrial site rising many points regarding pollution, which will be discussed further

By identifying the sediment size at each station allows the amount of long shore drift happening at each stage of the beach to be assessed and evaluated. If the size of the rocks decrease in size closer to the harbour arm, it will help prove my hypothesis

The Year 10 geography field trip was an insightful experience into the workings and functioning of metropolitan coastlines here in South Australia. The day consisted of visiting various beaches in Adelaide that were influenced by some form of hard or soft engineering techniques that changed the natural processes of the beaches. What was evident from this trip was how much these beaches have been changed to an extent where it is unlikely that they will ever go back to the way they were prior to human settlement.

Because the GBR is such a highly visited tourist attraction for snorkeling and diving, there has been a large number of human structures that have been built in natural areas. Every five years, the Australian government publishes an Outlook Report that examines the Great Barrier Reef’s health, pressures, and likely future. “The report is required under Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 (section 54) and aims to provide a regular and reliable means of assessing reef health and management in an accountable and transparent way.” The report shows the actions that have been taken since 2009, including the focus on improving the quality of water that runs off the land. The increased freshwater run-off is in direct relation to the coastal development that has occurred since the major bleaching events have begun. The report released in 2009, states that the greatest risks to the Reef are still climate change, land-based runoff, coastal development, and some remaining impacts of fishing and illegal fishing and poaching. The report points out climate change as being the main cause of the destruction or bleaching of the reef (Department of Environment and Energy 2017). Most observers conclude that the climate change is a direct result of human

Coastal Management in Hastings is effective economically, socially, environmentally and is sustainable for the future.

On the 14th of March 2011, year 10 went to Cronulla Beach to investigate how people use and interact with the coastal environment. We investigated three main things and they were:

Beaches are home to many animals; unfortunately these habitats are experiencing a large amount of human impact that range from recreation, artificial lighting, development, and pollution. We are disturbing the natural habitat of these animals therefor forcing them to find new nesting sites. For example the Least Terns have been nesting on gavel rooftops because there they have the space. There aren’t many places on the beach that large colonies of bird can nest. One of the main reasons for this is continuous disturbance

McGee, Ph.D., M.Sc. is the Statewide Beaches HCP Coordinator for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and an expert with regard to the process and effect of beach raking. Dr. McGee is with the Division of Habitat and Species Conservation; Species Conservation Planning Section. The Florida Beaches HCP mission is to preserve the wildlife and natural resources of Florida's coastline. While it understands that Florida's coast is a major source of economic growth and prosperity for the state, it also recognizes that it is home to many rare species and fragile, dynamic ecosystems that are equally as important and deserve to be preserved and protected. By doing so these species, their habitats and fragile ecosystems will ensure the continued economic importance and quality of life on the coast for future generations of residents and visitors to the state. The Florida Beaches HCP is striving to be a most instrument, the goal of which being success, both for the conservation and growth management in Florida. This potential can be accomplished if The Florida Beaches HCP takes into consideration the wide range of issues that impact Florida's beaches, including but not limited to beach raking. This undertaking will require the collaboration of many entities including scientific and policy experts, as well as local and county governments and agencies and engaged citizens and visitors who care about both the continued economic prosperity of the state and quality of life and preserving the wildlife and natural resources on Florida’s coastline for future

Coral reefs provide coastal protection as they stop and lower wave action and erosion in shallow shores which prevents damage to any nearby properties

The Coastal and marine conservation and management approaches are focused on a restricted area of significant human usage for practises such as; recreational and commercial fishing and leisure, and highly active biologically. The coastal marine ecosystem has been suffering a general tendency of population growth and, nowadays, has been also linked with industrial increase (Pietersen & Beekman 2006). However its benefits might be essential to stakeholders, as a consequence of this constant disproportional growth, the threats are becoming more visual, which also increases the awareness. That, added to the recognition of the coastal environment, existing and emerging threats and important economic value, implies that a feasible management approach is necessary.