Mansa Musa

The Islamic empire benefited surrounding countries with this advancement and

Mecca, the city where Islam was founded, was the meeting point of three large trading routes that lead to the Silk Road(Doc A). When these traders went through this town they saw wealth and prosperity. They took note of the religion and spread the word of the town. It wasn’t long before the whole Arabian Peninsula had heard about the religion. This helped unify the Arabian peninsula which let the next factor of military conquest even take place.

5. When Musa distributed a lot of gold to the people in Cairo, he crashed their economy and it took about 12 years to recover the value of gold.

However, the Mali Empire’s power was weakened due to quarrels about orderly succession of the emperors. When the Songhai Empire realized that weakness at the center of Mali, they started rebelling. In 1375, Geo rebelled. Soon Songhai Empire began its expansion at the expense of Mali. They conquered Mema, Timbuktu from the Tuareg. The military commander responsible for these victories, Sunni Ali Ber, was considered the first great ruler of the Songhai Empire. He continued to expand and build the empire by taking control of important Trans-Saharan trade routes as well as other cities and provinces of Mali. Trade had a significant influence on the history of these empires. The riches made through these trades contributed to build larger kingdoms and empires. In order to protect their trade, they build even larger armies. The slave trade was the most important contributor to their economic development. “The Songhai kingdom under the rule of Askia Mohammed used slaves as soldiers. Slaves were trusted not to overthrow their rulers. Sometimes, slaves were given position such as royal advisers because “Songhai rulers believed that slaves could be trusted to provide unbiased advice unlike other citizens who held a personal stake in the outcome of decisions” (Tesfu 2015).

In addition, Mansa Musa had a baggage train of 80 camels, each carrying 300 pounds of gold."(Coleman De Graft-Johnson).

The early Islamic empire expanded in several different ways, such as winning wars, signing peace treaties with enemies, and giving gifts to soldiers and nobles. In document A it states “by Allah’s help, some 70,000 of them (the Greeks) were put to death” infuring that they had killed off the Greeks army and they had won the war. With the wining of the war they could expand into the land of their enemies. They also signed treaties with their enemies so they won’t revolt against them. This helped them expand without anyone trying to prevent them outside the people they are attacking. Another thing that helped them expand is that they gave money to soldiers and nobles as a gift. In source C it says they gave nobles money “

The Islamic civilization grew to become such a large empire by making smart decisions and being peaceful and not violet. The civilization thrived and gained more land to expand their empire.

The History of Africa is very interesting. They had many trade routes and many resources such as salt and gold, their most popular resource was gold. Mansa Musa was their leader and had gone on the Haji as a duty and made their empire known throughout other countries. After that journey the empire had expanded even more that from the start of when their empire first rose up. As you could tell Mansa Musa was a good leader because of the choices he had made to create africa today. In Medieval Africa, Mansa Musa had an Economic impact on Africa because of the duty of islam and the value of gold.

Mali: Gold and Salt trade; reached its peak in 14th century; Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca; Islam

A map created from numerous sources suggests Mansa Musa took a different route on his hajj to visit Taghaza compared to previous routes taken by past kings. Compared to these other routes, Musa’s was about a quarter longer (Doc B). Since Mansa Musa went completely off track to visit Taghaza, Musa’s main drive behind taking the long route to Taghaza was to show the people what a special ruler he was. Because of the extremely different route taken, Musa’s main focus of his hajj was to expand his

There were many empires that have a distinct background, the empires such as the Mughal Empire, Ottoman Empire and Safavids Empire. The Mughal Empire is a Muslim state founded by Babur, which extended over India. They have Experienced prosperity, peace, and little outside threats under Akbar's rule. For a while it was an example of religious harmony between Muslim and Hindu religions. The Ottoman Empire grew from a small empire in 1300 to encompass most of southeastern Europe by the late 15th century. The Safavids Empire is in Iran which initially supported its cavalry by land grants. The empire was very focused on land power. Chieftains, scholars, and notables served as intermediaries between the government and the people.

A lot of Mali’s success came from their very generous and humble ruler named Mansa Musa (Doc.4). Mansa Musa took a hajj to Mecca to learn and give a chance to the monotheistic culture of Islam. When he returned to Mali, he spread Islam throughout it and eventually it spread all throughout Western Africa by merchants bringing their culture and religion with them when they traded and spreading their beliefs. The capital of Mali was Timbuktu, a very successful city that produced many of Africa's greatest scholars at the time and had a library with many books and manuscripts that would have sold for a fortune (Doc.5). The government of Mali also had a very strict set of laws, most similar to Hammurabi's code of laws from ancient Babylonia. Its laws were very harsh and they showed no mercy for any crime. Even if you stole the littlest thing you would still be punished greatly. Mali also had very great security from outside invaders. These two things impressed many other rulers of similar kingdoms, and made people not commit any crimes in Mali

In the Mughal Empire, Hindus had been allowed to build new temples despite the fact the empire had Muslim origins. To further gain the people’s loyalty, Akbar the leader of Mughal Empire eliminated tax on the non Muslims which would attract the Hindus and also the Christians into the empire creating a universal religion which a mix of Islam, Christians and Hindus.. Akbar had also secured the support and the allegiance of the different Hindus who existed in the region through the negotiation of the peace treaties. Akbar had endured that the local governors would be given grants rather than the salaries. Being dependent on the central government for their income, such a strategy helped them develop increased loyalty enhancing military operations of the army and the general government structure in the empire. On the other hand, Ottoman’s emperor enhanced social integration through striking the high levels of peoples’ loyalty (Gingeras 13).

To begin with, these three leaders have exhibited the passion of being a great leader by causing admiration and inspiration. According to “Suleiman the Magnificent”, it states, “An aggressive military leader, he was feared but also admired by people in other lands. His people called him Kanuni, ‘the Lawgiver.’ ” Due to his strength and ability to lead his people to success, he was able to gain admiration from other residents in various locations. This admiration proves that

The role of Prophet Muhammad, as both a temporal and religious leader was undeniably an important factor in the success of the Arab conquests. These events took place between 622 and 750, first involving the establishment of a new unified polity in the Arabian Peninsula, then leading to a Muslim Empire which stretched from central Asia to North Africa and was one of the largest the world has ever seen. This overwhelming success merits explanation, yet this is difficult to establish with certainty, due to the small number and poor quality of surviving sources. Muhammad’s main role was to provide a unifying influence, both during his lifetime when he united a