Maquiladoras

The main point of the article is that changes are being made that are shifting the way the maquiladora plants are operating. This particular story takes place in Tijuana, however, the changes are affecting all of the maquiladora plants all along the Mexico - United States border. The maquiladora plants are having to make changes because the Mexican government “[cut] some of their tax breaks“ (Mexico’s maquiladoras). In previous years the maquiladora plants had lost a lot of business to Asia where lower wages could be found. Lately, the “rising pay in China“ was bringing jobs back to Mexico (Mexico’s maquiladoras).With the reduction in tax benefits, the maquiladora plants are once again loosing business to other locations.

In the peer-reviewed article Elvia R. Arriola postulates an, “Accountability for murder in the mquiladoras: Linking corporate indifference to gender violence at the U.S. Mexico border” (Arriola, 2007). Arriola describes the treatment of girls and women on the U.S. Mexican border who are employees of the maquiladora, which are a creation of corporations that move over to the U.S. Mexican borders because of the low salaries they pay to their employees due to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Mexico, the United States, and Canada (1993). In fact, violence, human rights violations, and crimes against women occur more frequently regardless of corporate policies and laws. Additionally, the maquiladoras are a severe indication of Mexico’s corporate and governmental patterns of abuse, harassment, and violence against women who work in the maquiladoras that violate their human

One of the goals of the free trade agreement was to provide benefits to the North american economy, especially Mexico. The U.S. hoped to make Mexico’s economy stronger and steadier, with more job opportunities. NAFTA affected the U.S. political economy due to the exports and imports being traded. In the state of Texas, export rates seem to have had an increasing. On the other hand, critics may argue that the U.S. suffers a decrease in manufacturing jobs within their own country due to cheaper competition with Mexico’s

The liberalization of policies in Mexico during the 1990s have been highly successful in promoting trade and in attracting greater flows of foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI and exports are currently the driving force behind economic growth and job creation. In the last five years, the rate of employment in firms with FDI has grown twice as fast as the national average. FDI has also played a key role in creating new and better paying jobs.

The government of Mexico stated that time and investment into the maquiladora industries would represent “the first rung up the industrial ladder in many developing countries” and would allow them to develop these industries into more complex technologically advanced fields that would in turn create mobility and develop human

It is important to note, however, that Mexico’s struggling economy is not entirely the result of it’s own actions. On January 1, 1994, a trade deal promoted by US President Bill Clinton was put into effect. The North American Free Trade Deal (NAFTA) intended to “unite” the economies of Canada, the US, and Mexico by diminishing trade barriers between them, adding jobs and lessening the wage gap between Mexico and the US. The first major disaster of NAFTA occurred when heavily subsidized US corn saturated the Mexican market

That’s good news for New Mexico, and for all U.S. border states, because the rapid growth of Mexico’s maquilas, or assembly factories, is creating huge business opportunities up and down the 2,000-mile U.S.-Mexico border. And that, in turn, is creating new industrial hot spots in places such as southern New Mexico, where companies are flocking to set up new facilities to supply goods and services to the maquila industry. Other pressures include the strengthening of Chinese and some other Asian currencies against the U.S dollar, which makes exports from those countries more expensive, and the length of time it takes to transport goods from those places

One other vital push factor that instigates Mexicans to migrate is the deals made by NAFTA. NAFTA has created dramatic economic dislocations in Mexico. For example, imports of U.S. corn have severely affected the local Mexican agricultural sector. NAFTA arrangements have helped increase the imports from 3 million metric tons in 1994 to more than 5 million metric tons in 2002 (Massey, 1374). Also, the brief rise in outsourced U.S. manufacturing that helped the Mexican economy has ceased as these factories have now moved to Asia. (OXFAM; USDA, Nadal, 2002). A bad economy and among other reasons have resulted to the increased high crime rates in Mexico and thus driving mostly the youths to the United States to look for better jobs which are not easily accessible in their country. "Some 30,000 soldiers and federal police have now been deployed to a dozen states throughout Mexico as part of President Felipe Calderon 's war on drug cartels and organized crime, and Juarez is just the latest front. On March 28, after the murder toll there rose to more than

NAFTA has had positive effects on Mexico, which have not been evenly distributed in the whole country. For example, it helped improve the productivity of Mexicans. They adopted technological innovations from the US which helped them grow their automotive industries as well. Jobs increased considerably and macroeconomic volatility among Mexicans reduced. Coordination of businesses between Canada and Mexico helped Mexico adapt technological innovations from the US much easier. However, NAFTA generally failed to improve the overall economy of Mexico because there were not supportive policies to facilitate the provisions that NAFTA gave. Sectors such as the education and infrastructure development suffered as a result. This led to this

Looking at the numbers from 1993 until today it proves that this out reach program from these nations greatly benefited they economic and political development. It helped Mexicans put their labor to use and contribute to the worlds revenue. These statistics depicts a time line that demonstrates the progression by more than five hundred percent. This is outstanding due to the two decades it achieved all of these accomplishments in.

He states that jobs that come from designing and overall development of products still comes from the USA and Canada. Free trade has brought around two hundred thousand new jobs to the United States mainly based around agriculture so it is believed that the job loss has balanced out (Baldwin and Goodwin). The manufacturing in Mexico is still relatively smaller in Mexico compared to the US and Canada because even though there have been massive increases in Mexican car production they still only account for twenty-five percent of North American car production compared to the USA and Canada combine for seventy five percent. NAFTA has also spread the means of production, develop, and assembly, which drives down prices (U Penn, NAFTA, 20 Years Later: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs). When parts are made in Mexico, those parts are cheaper to assemble in the USA and Canada so the companies can theoretically drive down prices (U Penn, NAFTA, 20 Years Later: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs).

| Between 1994 and 2004, 1.5 million Mexican farmers lost their US only source of income due to low case foods imported by Mexico by US businesses farmers under NAFTA. The unemployed farmers migrated to border cities like Nogales where they provided a large pool of cheap labor for companies like Swingline. But around 2000, jobs in Mexico began leaving the country and heading for China. Chinas workers were willing to work for even less than Mexican workers. In Nogales, the Swingline factory cut assembly jobs from 2600 in 1999 to less than 900 in 2004. The company is now thinking of moving its factory from Mexico to China. Since 2001, more than one-third of the jobs companies brought into Mexico have moved to China

The United States of America is a synthesis of different religions, cultures, and ethnicities. Although the American culture has improved significantly in terms of opportunities for equal employment, arguably there are still unjustified conflicts that create hostile working environments. Within the workplace, women have overcome countless obstacles, in fact, a common barrier that female employees face is gender discrimination. As an example, gender discrimination is the mistreatment of an employee because of their gender. According to the report 's release by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR, 2017), on average, women that are employed full-time earn approximately 80 cents for every dollar earned by men.

After the NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement) companies contemplate Mexico to build their factories. One of those factories was Kohler Building Big Fixtures Plant in Mexico, it began his construction project in the city of Monterrey. The implementation of Maquiladoras was a success for American Factories, the savings in labor was an incentive for companies to move their factories. The factory was without doubt one of the major investors in Mexico, providing great job opportunities for residents in the city of Monterrey.

NAFTA supporters, on the other hand, argue that foreign direct investment in Mexico has been higher after NAFTA, but it must be recognised that it also has had a number of negative consequences. One of the most important negative consequences is that the flow of foreign investment has been focused on the creation of companies producing goods or services directly exported to the USA (maquiladoras) (Ruiz 2015: 44). Investment flows have been generated primarily to produce goods or services for the USA; this type of foreign direct investment is vertically integrated, it is fuelled by low trade costs given the unskilled and cheap workforce, it is a type of investment in which developed countries use developing countries as a re-export platform or as leverage in the search for new markets, creating economic dependency relationships (Calderon and Hernandez 2011: 114-116). Another consequence is that domestic industry has deteriorated by imported inputs and competition from foreign direct investment, due to the displacement of local companies that were unable to compete with multinational corporations, and thus generating job loss. Another important negative consequence to consider is that the money of foreign investment has led directly to the wealthiest regions of Mexico, since they are the ones who have the education, skilled labour, transport infrastructure and necessary communications to facilitate product export to the USA, which has intensified disparities and inequalities