Marginal Costing

In this paper I am going to explain some of the key terms that companies need to keep in mind when operating their business. First, we will start with marginal revenue, which is defined simply as the extra revenue that is made for each additional unit of a product that is sold. This is directly related to marginal cost, which is what it costs the company to make that additional unit of product.

Explain what action a profit maximizing firm takes if marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost:

(Again, so far, remember that pricing in this case is set at the marginal cost level.)

20. What is the term for the extra revenue derived from the sale of one more unit?

1. For financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of product costs incurred to make 10,000 units?

15. In pure competition, each extra unit of output that a firm sells will yield a marginal revenue that is ( )

Income and cost changes because of different levels of activity they carry out in the business. If the sales of the business increase so will the cost. This is because; more production will take place for more sales. Income and cost can be changed by fashion as well. The business will need to be up to date with the fashion. This change will increase the cost as well. But if the business can be up to date, it will bring a higher income as their products going to be popular.

The $320,000, on the other hand, is a fixed cost associated with the proposed addition.

In vertical analysis, it is easier to see elements as a percentage of Revenue. Between 2011-12, the portion that cost of sales takes in revenue has increased however, there is a bigger deterioration in distribution cost. In 2011, 9.21% of revenue remains as profit but in 2012 this figure decreases to 8.14%. Despite reduction in costs is one of the strategies of Ted Baker(part 1.4), analysis illustrates that costs increase each year.

One can calculate the change in sales volume necessary for the price change to be profitable by using the following Basic Breakeven

Bhimani, A., Horngren, C., Datar, S., Rajan, M. et al. (2012) Management and Cost Accounting. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Prentice Hall, p.369 - 378.

Breakeven point (BEP) is where the total contribution cost equals to fixed cost. To calculate this, you do fixed cost divided by the contribution per unit. To calculate the contribution per unit you do the selling price minus the variable costs.

3- As we can see the company would loss 0.52 cent per 1 kg if it decides to sell at 6.85 price and allocates the fixed expenses at 1.20 per 1 kg.

As an example, if fixed costs are $100, price per unit is $10, and variable costs per unit are $6, then the break-even quantity is 25 ($100 ÷ [$10 − $6] = $100 ÷$4). When 25 units are produced and sold, each of these units will not only have covered its own marginal (variable) costs, but will have also have contributed enough in total to have covered all associated fixed costs. Beyond these 25 units, all fixed costs have been paid, and each unit contributes to profits by the excess of price over variable costs, or the contribution margin. If demand is estimated to be at least 25 units, then the company will not experience a loss. Profits will grow with each unit demanded above this 25-unit break-even level.

This equation is solved for the sales volume in units. c. In the graphical approach, sales revenue and total expenses are graphed. The break-even point occurs at the intersection of the total revenue and total expense lines. 8-2 The term unit contribution margin refers to the contribution that