Maria Agnesi: A Brief Biography

An understanding of the educational background of women is necessary in discovering the female oppression of the Renaissance. Education was more than an issue of gender, especially in consideration of the consequences of wealth as well. Yet their oppression stems from their decision in whether or not they should study the liberal arts. Often was the case that women faced social stigmas and societal pressures from family members and learned men of the society for turning away from typically female activities. Lucrezia Marinella writes in her Exhortation, “Therefore, she who devotes her mind to learning – a domain that does

In her twenties Clara decided to expand her education further by attending the Clinton Liberal institute for higher learning. There she studied analytic geometry, calculus, astronomy, mathematics and natural science in addition to French, German, ancient history, philosophy and religion (Pryor 1987). With her highly atypical education for a woman of that time, Clara continued the close pupil-teacher relationships she had enjoyed in her earlier schooling.

What is culture? It can be simple yet a very complex concept that is used to describe a group of individuals who share meaningful characteristics. Culture is a complex system of values, beliefs, social customs, and material objects shared by a group distinguished by physical geographical boundaries (Rubenstein, 2016). Several components of culture include: land, people, values, beliefs, attitudes, traditions, daily life, night life, food, communication, government and business. Many of these features have been developed over a long period of time and have withstood the test of time. Italy, the country of cultural interest, has many characteristics that make it significantly unique. Agnese Nadalini shares her perspective of the Italian culture in an in-person interview.

The Ecstasy of St. Theresa was created by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and is found in the Cornaro Chapel. This sculpture illustrates many aspects of Counter Reformation architecture: different ecclesiastical orders, use of saint, intercession, and dramatic use of lighting. Since intercession was depicted in Bernini's work, it didn’t evade scrutiny of the actual Inquisition. The Counter Reformation Church used this so that they could monitor all of the religious art. They did this to make sure that it followed the correct guidelines of the Council. Another aspect that Bernini’s sculpture demonstrated was the Council's desire for emotions to be shown to the viewers.

In 1832 Marie taglioni was the first dancer recorded to dance en pointe. Marie performed the full length La Sylphide en pointe. “Her ballet slippers had a leather sole and some cotton wool for padding but did not have a stiff toe.” According to students at the kennedy center. they have changed over they years, ike in the 1990s makers added plasitic to make a toe cup that you cannot see in the pointe shoe. Still the shoes have made very little changes in the past 100 years.

Raising a child that isn’t yours is not so uncommon as you think. Although it may be seen as a burden at first, the caregivers often receive a mutual emotional and parental connection. Today more children are being raised by one of their biological parents as well as a non biological parent. Whether it be their step parent, neighbor or even people who are unaware that the child they are raising is not even their own. These relationships are dynamic and often start out with mistrust and dislike, but often lead to beautiful relationships in the end. This is one of the global issues in both “St. Vincent” directed by Theodore Melifi, and ‘Beata Ignorancia” directed by Massimiliano Bruno.

Marie Sophie Germain was born in Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France, on April 1, 1776, in a wealthy Persian family. Ambroise-Francois, her father, was a rich man who was assumed to be a wealthy silk merchant, or a goldsmith. Ambroise was elected as the representative of the bourgeoisie to Etats-Généraux en 1789, which had involved his daughter to witness many discussions with her father and his peers. When she was 13, The French Revolution broke out. Enforcing her to remain indoors,as she turned to her father’s library to take away her boredom where she became interested in mathematics. Pouring her time into each book as she had taught herself Latin and Greek, allowing her to read other famous mathematicians work such as Isaac Newton.

     In this paper I will discuss the popular views concerning women’s nature and status in society and how this affected their education. I will mention what women learned and how; what kinds of institutions were accessible to what types of women. Men’s education will be briefly mentioned in places. My main concern though, is not education in general. Through this paper I shall attempt to explain how Catholicism made it easier for women to acquire an education, but at the same time present the restrictions it imposed upon them.

Following in her father’s footsteps, Mary taught at various universities such as DePaul, Washington, and Stanford University, and made incredible discoveries in mathematics. Weiss focused mainly on the trigonometric

As stated above, women are not portrayed as individuals, but as an ideal female who shares similar features of accepted Florentine cultural thinking. Women are rendered with thick golden blonde hair, pearly white skin, round forehead, plucked eyebrows, sparkling blue eyes, rosy cheeks, ruby lips, white teeth, elongated neck and ample swelling breast. This, according to Mary D. Garrard, yields to a sublime complete result of the art. Brown claims that the woman in profile, with characteristics alluding to her physical beauty are used to express expectations of high moral standards and virtuous qualities. Therefore, she will always be associated with qualities such as virtue, modesty, piety, chastity, loyalty, obedience and silence. Elizabeth

Emmy Noether was born on March 23, 1882, in Erlangen, Germany, into a family of five. Her parents were Max and Ida Noether. Since she was a woman, she couldn’t attend college. Instead, she had to attend a finishing school in Erlangen, Germany named Höhere Töcher Schule. In 1900, at the age of 18, she passed the State of Bavaria examinations and became certified to teach English and French. Because she had a strong love of mathematics, she decided to pursue a career in that field. From 1900 to 1902, she took math courses from the University of Erlangen. In 1904, she enrolled for a semester at the University of Göttingen, but after completing the semester, she decided to go back Erlangen to try to get her Ph.D. In 1907, she got a doctorate in the study of Paul Gordan. Her degree was awarded the highest distinction possible, the summa cum laude.

The next woman to be discussed is Grace Chisholm Young. She was a mathematician from England and received her education at Girton College in Cambridge, England. She then continued her

Maria Montessori was considered ahead of her time. She was born in Chiaravalle, in the province of Ancona, Italy in 1870 to an educated but not wealthy family. Despite her father's wishes and society's conservative ways at the time, she studied science. She was the first female physician in Italy when she graduated medical school in 1896. She worked mostly with the poor because she saw vast potential in them. She was an unselfish person and she traveled Italy speaking of women's rights and child labor law reforms. Not too long after graduating she was chosen to represent Italy in two different women's conferences. They were at Berlin in 1896 and also in London in 1900. Maria was appointed a professor of anthropology at the University of

Since Florence and her sister did not go to school they were tutored by their father, he taught them mathematics, history, and many different languages, Latin, Greek, German,Italian, and French. He taught them because he could not find a tutor with logical skill and expertise which he demanded constantly. He let a governess teach them only music and drawing.

During the 1940s and 1950s it was a crucial time for Italian women. Italy had had a fascist regime from 1922 to 1943, and went from a state of chaos and poverty from the war to an industrialized modern economic boom. During WWII, the absence of men gave unprecedented responsibilities to women who became the heads of the household. Women were given the right to vote in February 1946. In the election of 1948, 40 women were elected as Members of Parliament. Crucial political issues were being made; including what for Italian postwar democracy would take, the role of the monarchy and the Communist party agenda. Italian media was ready to adopt the changes and give women equality of opportunity, yet in many cases the media continued to associate