Maria Montessori, Civil Rights Movement and The No Child Left Behind Act

On May 17, 1954, in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education, the High Court, for the first time in American legal history, challenged the “separate but equal” doctrine previously established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and outlawed racial segregation in public schools. The decision, igniting fierce debates throughout the country, was met with violence and strong defiance in the South. The years after Brown, however, saw the passing of several important Acts: the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. Today, Americans remember Brown v. Board of Education as a success in African Americans’ struggle for equal rights, a change of sea tide for the civil rights movement. While

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark legislation that resulted from a unique combination of public pressure, historical events, previous failed legislation, and a large-scale social movement. Many regard the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as the most successful civil rights legislation in history. There is no doubt that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 changed the way the society addressed race and gender, but it in the context of current events resulting in racial tension, it is worth examining the true impact of the legislation and how society can continue to move forward in matters of civil equality. This paper will provide an overview of the historical context of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and examine the legislation’s impact on society

President Donald Trump stated that “education is the civil rights issue of our time”. On this issue, I cannot disagree with him. I too believe that education is the civil rights issue of our time, undoubtedly. There are many other issues that could be rationalized as “the issue of our time”, such as LGBTQIA concerns, police violence, continuing racial issues, war, income equality, the justice system, or many others. But, the reason I believe education is at the forefront, is because the above-stated list can all be traced back to a failing education system. To go further, all of the above issues could begin to start showing improvement, if we invested more time into our education system. While I do agree with President Trump on the issue,

The Civil Rights Movement was a pivotal time in American history, leading us toward the acceptance and advancement of African Americans in society, and eventually the same for other minority groups. The movement as a whole spanned from around the beginning of the 1950’s to around the beginning of the 1970’s. All across the nation, African American people fought for their rights through numerous protests and boycotts. Some notable events are the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the March on Washington, and the Greensboro lunch counter sit-ins. Many forms of legislation and many judiciary decisions were made during this era, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1968, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and Brown v. Board of Education (“A Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement FOOTSTEPS OF COURAGE”).

After so many years of struggles and difficulty, supporters for equality celebrate the way of legislation that forbids racial discrimination. The civil rights act of 1964, ending segregation in public places and prohibit employment discrimination on the part of color, race, religion or origin, is considered one of the accomplishments of the civil rights movement. The leading up to the Civil Rights act was followed by the Civil war which occurred during the years 1861-1865. It was constitutional amendments abolished slavery, and made them slave citizens and gave all men the right to vote, no matter what race they were. The presentation within the civil rights act, was under the act, segregation faced race, religion or origin was banned at all

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was significant to African Americans because the act ended segregation in public places and ended employment prejudice based on the pigment of skin, national origin, gender, ethnicity, or/and religion. The Act was one of the most momentous events to impact African Americans on the account of bringing equality to minorities on paper and giving them opportunities to voice their political and community concerns. However, there were unforeseen consequences that added to the suffering of the community which they expressed through riots and protest marches in efforts to ensure their new protections were enforced. The advancement of the Act helped the African American civil rights group in their awareness and voice in government, made tremendous strides in their group, and contributed to other minorities to gaining equality. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 affected African Americans both positively and negatively through federalism, minority rights, and judicial review.

The 20th century saw a lot of change in the name of Civil Rights. Women’s suffrage, blacks being allowed to exercise their right to vote, and desegregation are some of the most notable and publicized victories. The Civil Right’s movement had a broad scope as the Civil Right’s Act of 1864 itself displayed. However, the final act of ending legal segregation had its ties all the way back in the landmark case of Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954. Brown vs. Board of Education had both short and long term effects in terms of desegregation, firstly in the Civil Rights movement and the desegregation and integration of schooling.

The civil rights movement was a struggle by African Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of whites, including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well as the right to vote, the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial discrimination (Civil Rights Movement, www.encyclopedia.com). The most important achievements of African-American civil rights movements have been the post-Civil War constitutional amendments that abolished slavery and established the citizenship status of blacks and the judicial decisions and legislation based on these amendments, notably the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision of 1954, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (History.com staff,

One of the key specifications of the Civil Right Act of 1964 authorized Department of Justice to bring actions against school districts that failed to comply with Brown vs. Board of Education. This law was signed a decade before, but less than 1% of African-American children in the South attended integrated schools. This not only opened equal opportunity for African Americans, but for all other minorities as well. In todays integrated schools children have opportunity to advance no matter of the color of their

According to research, black student achievement has greatly improved since the desegregation of schools (Strauss, 2014). With the help of proper school supplies and conducive learning environments, students of all races have been able to achieve higher academic goals. The results of this court case extend beyond black students; Brown v. Board of Education opened the door for educational equality for a great deal of other students.

Brown vs. The Board of Education ruling in 1956 ruled that segregated schools are unconstitutional but it took a decade for black students to enter into white schools. This case first started out a black community declaring to have better education, improving schools and curriculum. Finally, the Brown vs. The Board of Education case was seen in the black communities to ensure equality in the black community. The author focuses on the closing the achievement gap of blacks and white in high school graduation from 1940-1980. African American has always been playing the catch up game due to the struggle for civil right equality.

There were many factors to the civil rights act of 1964 from presidents to normal “civilians”. In today’s society the Civil Rights Act is allowing equal opportunities for everyone. The Civil Rights was not just an act it was a movement fought for almost twenty years. Starting in 1948 with Truman’s executive order 9981 that gave equality in the military (infoplease.com, Brunner). Then in 1054 the case of Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, was finalized with the decision that segregation within public schools was wrong. In august of 1955 the tragedy of Emmett Till occurred, where he was brutally murdered. There are many more effects of the Civil Rights act, but these were some of the turning points.

American slaves were liberated as a result of the Civil War and were then given civil rights through the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Through many protests, the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s changed public facilities being segregated by race in the South. The Brown v. Board of Education ended legal segregation in public schools. When the people agreed to be supporters in the case, they never knew they would change history. These people were teachers, ministers and students; every day people who simply wanted to be treated equally. Public facilities and services such as education, were divided into separate domains based on race. The places for colored were underfunded and inferior to the white’s quality.. The

Dr. Maria Montessori is the creator for the Montessori Education Method for a new world who devoted her life to improve children’s education excellence. Her educational method is widely used in schools or at home for children 3 t0 6 years old. Maria Montessori lived through one of the traumatic time eras of the world history, which changed everybody’s lives including children. It was the time of anxiety, cruelty, death, family separation and children facing starvation. Maria Montessori felt the best solution to overcome endless, war, violence and poverty is education. Therefore, Maria Montessori believed educating the next generation will improve children’s live and future of the

Montessori realized the connection between science, psychology, and the education world and began to speak out at conferences about the subject. She also studied the needs of special education children and began to establish strategies of teaching the so called ‘degenerate’ children in society (Povell, 2007). Furthermore, she was a major impact on the woman’s movement in Italy, and believed in the fact of the “new woman”, so she pushed women to take leading roles in instructional reform. In addition to being an example of the “new woman”, she used that distinction to encourage the woman to struggle for their rights and win the distinction as an equal gender. (Hainstock, 1997) Despite her success, Musilini banished her from Italy because she didn’t teach the traditional Italian way, so she went to Spain and then the Netherlands where she died in 1952, after she was nominated three times for the Nobel Prize. However, her name and philosophy are still alive in many schools around the world. (Povell, 2007) With respect to education, Maria Montessori was influenced by the works of the physicians