Marie Sklodowska was born Warsaw, Poland in 1867. She was raised by two teachers who supported the

The Copper Chloride displayed and used to complete this lab had led us to the following observations;

either barium (Ba 2+ ) or calcium (Ca 2+ ). Part C consisted of a series of cation flame tests using metal

In her twenties Clara decided to expand her education further by attending the Clinton Liberal institute for higher learning. There she studied analytic geometry, calculus, astronomy, mathematics and natural science in addition to French, German, ancient history, philosophy and religion (Pryor 1987). With her highly atypical education for a woman of that time, Clara continued the close pupil-teacher relationships she had enjoyed in her earlier schooling.

When Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896, it inspired Marie and Pierre to investigate it further. They researched a lot of substances for any signs of radioactivity, and discovered something that was more radioactive than uranium. They discovered radium, an element that damaged tissue, so they used that to fight against cancer. “They found that the mineral pitchblende was more radioactive than uranium and concluded that it must contain other radioactive substances. From it they managed to extract two previously unknown elements, polonium and radium, both more radioactive than uranium” (Nobel Media). These discoveries led to radium being used to treat cancer and other diseases, and them getting their first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. After Pierre passed away, she continued with her own studies. Marie successfully isolated radium and proved its existence. She also studied the properties and compounds of these radioactive elements. “She also documented the properties of the radioactive elements and their compounds. Radioactive compounds became important as sources of radiation in both scientific experiments and in the field of medicine, where they are used to treat tumors” (Nobel Media). This discovery led to the further development of X-rays and her receiving her second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. Marie Curie was the first woman ever to win two Nobel Prizes in two fields and in multiple sciences, two incredible

The pioneering work of Becquerel in 1896 (the discovery of uranium), and the Curies (who subsequently discovered radium and polonium and the energy and heat given off by these new elements which they called radioactivity) led to the remarkable work of Ernest Rutherford. He was a physicist, whose experiments showed that some heavier elements spontaneously changed or decayed into lighter elements (unstable 'parent' elements giving off protons and neutrons to form a 'daughter' element) through the process of radioactivity. He discovered that radioactive materials decay at a very predictable rate, and that lead was the final decay product of uranium. Using Rutherford's ideas, Bertram Boltwood pioneered a method of radiometric dating in 1907. He hypothesized that since he knew how long it takes uranium to break down, he could measure the proportions of lead in uranium ores, and use his calculations to date how long those ores had existed,

4. The melting points of the solids were tested by placing them in crucibles and heating them using a hot plate.

Most notably the reaction with heat and hot and cold liquid were interesting. Several attempts were made to obtain a smell from the reactions but none were found. When the samples were heated in water several of them had violent and/or sudden reactions.

Many signs show that a chemical reaction has occurred. Some ways we know there is a chemical reaction are the formation of gas, formation of precipitate, change in temperature, and,or change in color. In part one of the experiment, we know there was a chemical change because of the formation of the white precipitate. We poured the ammonia and water in the flask with alum and water, forming a white, cloudy substance in between the two liquids. The white, cloudy substance between the two is liquids is also known as aluminum hydroxide. The second part of the experiment was very similar to the first, but in the second part we mixed epon salt, water, and ammonia. The precipitate formed from mixing the epson salt, water, and ammonia was called magnesium hydroxide.

There have been similar experiments done with crystals but in different ways. Some experiments are

Sophie could not study her parents would do anything just to stop her like turning down warm clothes and a fire for her bedroom just to keep her from studying, but Sophie was not going to let them stop her from getting her education so you know what she did? As soon as her parents left her alone she would take out candles, wrap herself into the covers and start doing mathematics. No one had to tell her to go read a book, go learn something, go do some homework or put her by the table just to do some problems she did it on her own in my generation you were cursed if you like math or anything that had to do with school period we would cry just to hear the word homework or math but Sophie loved to do math and she did everything she could she even wrote an essay about the fact that being a young lady she could not get an education or career. I think that was good she never stopped trying she never gave up on something that she wanted in life she keep fighting she was an independent person. Before her death 27 June 1831 Gauss had recommended that she be awarded an honorary degree, but that never occurred. At the centenary of her life, a street and a girl's school were named after her. The Academy of Sciences established the Sophie Germain Prize in her

Marie Sophie Germain was born in Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France, on April 1, 1776, in a wealthy Persian family. Ambroise-Francois, her father, was a rich man who was assumed to be a wealthy silk merchant, or a goldsmith. Ambroise was elected as the representative of the bourgeoisie to Etats-Généraux en 1789, which had involved his daughter to witness many discussions with her father and his peers. When she was 13, The French Revolution broke out. Enforcing her to remain indoors,as she turned to her father’s library to take away her boredom where she became interested in mathematics. Pouring her time into each book as she had taught herself Latin and Greek, allowing her to read other famous mathematicians work such as Isaac Newton.

Marie Curie LIFE OF MARIE CURIE      Marie Curie(1867-1934) was a French physicist with many accomplishments in both physics and chemistry. Marie and her husband Pierre, who was also a French physicist, are both famous for their work in radioactivity.      Marie Curie, originally named Marja Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw, Poland on Nov.7, 1867. Her first learning of physics came from her father who taught it in high school. Marie's father must have taught his daughter well because in 1891, she went to Paris(where she changed her original name) and enrolled in the Sorbonne.

During Marie's time, the atom was thought to be the smallest particle in existence. At first, Marie and Pierre Curie believed that perhaps the atom was covered with cosmic rays. Marie tested numerous elements to find if other ones than Uranium would make the air conduct electricity better.

Marie curie made history in 1903 when she became the first woman to get a Nobel Prize in physics. With their prize winning the Curie’s got an international reputation for their scientific efforts. With the prize money they continued their research and went even further. The next year in 1904, they had their second daughter Eve. In 1906 Marie suffered a tremendous loss; when Pierre accidentally

With her experiments, she became the first woman in France to get a doctorate. Curie decided to continue Henri Becquerel’s experiments with X-rays. She came up with the groundbreaking idea that the rays were actually an atomic property. The paper she wrote reporting her discoveries had to be presented through her professor because women weren’t allowed to address the Academy of Sciences. With this, she continued her work to find new elements. First, she found polonium, which is named for her home country, and then she discovered radium. Pierre and Marie’s greatest work was done in a run-down shed. They worked from 1898 to 1902. The Curies could have made a fortune if they patented their process of extracting and refining radium, but they decided share their knowledge with the world.