Marie Sklodowska's Life

In 1755, Josèphe Jeanne Marie-Antoinette was born as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa; the sovereign who ruled the Hapsburg-Lorraine House in Austria. As a princess and a member of the Hapsburg dynasty, she inherited good looks which earned her a title of “youthful goddess of beauty and virtue” upon her arrival in France. At her age of fourteen, her mother sent her off to faraway France to married Dauphin, later known as Louis XVI, in order to secure a diplomatic alliance through marriage with France, a former enemy of Austria. Initially, Marie Antoinette had charmed the French people with her delicate looks; however, as she became the queen, slanderous accusations piled continuously which eventually damaged her reputation and led to her death. Why the French people hated Marie-Antoinette so much and what are the sinful things she ‘did’ in order to earn their wrath? From the existing pamphlets published before the French Revolution up to Coppola’s film Marie Antoinette, the press demonized the once adored lady into a highly lascivious whore. Marie-Antoinette’s sexual abuse were caused by the public perception as a sexualized body, a hidden fear towards all publicly active women and the potential power of their bodies, in which they use their sexual advantages toward men to gain an access to political power.

It can be easily said that the intended audience for this letter was to Marie Antoinette’s mother, Maria Theresa the empress of Austria. Marie states several times throughout the letter of her many thanks to her mother for the reciprocating letters. The excitement in Marie’s tone is evident that she is astonished, despite the chaotic excitement upon their arrival, the amount of order there is. Marie is overjoyed that despite the hardships that the peasants faced, such as taxes, they remain loyal to her and her husband Louis, and show their affection with cheering and excitement. In response to the love that they received, Marie makes a point to tell her mother that the dauphin and herself wished the citizens not to be harmed despite the fact that they were unable to move for hours from the sheer masses of people who gathered upon their arrival.

Her mystery leaves us to ask ourselves whether it was really her who was mad or was it the world she was living in? She was just a woman who was suffering her own fate while every other woman was enjoying the life of being provided for by their husbands. ‘She was a woman on the edge; the periphery, the ultimate other, the bottom edge of society, the edge of sanity’. She was a result of abuse from men and science. She had a child who was a fruit of rape. She lost her fertility to a science experiment. She had only two men who had treated her with dignity; her first husband who was killed in the streets by the police and her other husband who died of hepatitis, Claude. The institution that victimized her was the same that took away her protectors, anyone who cared for her.

Marie M. Daly came from a family who very strongly believed in good education and supported her scientific research. She enrolled in Queen’s College in order to live at home. She completed her master’s degree in 1943. There was a shortage of male scientists in World War 2, and because of it Daly was awarded funding for her Ph.D

Not long into Marie Antoinette’s marriage she began spending more and more time at her private castle, Petit Trianon, mostly without the king. It was around that time when rumors about her relationship with Swedish diplomat Count Axel von Fersen were starting to be known. In the 1780’s the French government

At first the French en masse looked to Antoinette lovingly as the future queen of France. But soon enough the public found reasons to dislike the native Austrian, as established by the many tell-tale rumours of the Queens habits. The first buzz that saw the beginning of Maries’ ever declining position was her supposed infertility. Of course it is common knowledge today that she was completely capable of producing children to continue the royal line. Nevertheless, when Marie, aged fifteen at the time, and Louis then aged 16, did not consummate on the night of their wedding, and then for seven more years, what was there to do but speculate? Many of her mother’s letters to her include advice and encouragement to produce an heir, which until she

Dr. Sonya Kovalevsky was known and praised for being the first major woman mathematician, first woman granted professorship in Northern Europe. This, during the time of the mid to late 1800s, was catastrophic to the women of sciences as it provided hope to them that their optimism of being recognized

Marie Sophie Germain was born in Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France, on April 1, 1776, in a wealthy Persian family. Ambroise-Francois, her father, was a rich man who was assumed to be a wealthy silk merchant, or a goldsmith. Ambroise was elected as the representative of the bourgeoisie to Etats-Généraux en 1789, which had involved his daughter to witness many discussions with her father and his peers. When she was 13, The French Revolution broke out. Enforcing her to remain indoors,as she turned to her father’s library to take away her boredom where she became interested in mathematics. Pouring her time into each book as she had taught herself Latin and Greek, allowing her to read other famous mathematicians work such as Isaac Newton.

Thesis: Marie Antoinette may have been queen at a young age, but it was certainly short lived. As a social, outgoing, and energetic young woman, she was completely different from her shy, inconsistent, pre-chosen husband. She spent an irrational amount of money that lead to her reputation’s ultimate downfall. As time went on the king and queen were captured and when they tried to escape, they would just be captured again. King Louis’ indecisiveness and Marie’s recklessness ultimately caused them their lives.

Born as Maria Skłodowska on November 7,1867 in Warsaw, Poland, she was born to a family who viewed education as very important and essential. She had four siblings; four sisters Sofia, Helena, Bronislawa and a brother Joseph. Due to her father teaching Physics, Marie developed interest in reading and physics. She began to attend a “floating” school to learn since she couldn’t obtain higher education because she was a woman. She overcame many obstacles and discovered things that help cure diseases and gave insights to different aspects of science.

The contest was about Ernst Chladni’s experiments with vibrating metal plates. In order to participate in the contest you have to write a paper. Sophie submitted her paper in 1811, but she did not win the prize. Sophie later tried the same contest again but did not win. On Sophie’s third try, she won and became the first woman to win a prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences. Sophie was first interested in the number theory in 1798 after studying the works of Adrien-Marie Legendre. She later corresponded with Adrien-Marie Legendre on the number theory, and later, elasticity. After a while, Sophie began to lose interest in the number theory and eventually no longer studied the number theory. In 1815,Sophie’s interest in the number theory was reawakened after a prize was offered to her. In order to receive this prize Sophie was asked to prove that Fermat’s Last Theorem is accurate. Sophie wrote a letter to Carl Friedrich Gauss and in this letter, she stated that the number theory was her preferred field. Sophie’s letter contained the first substantial progress toward any type proof that Fermat’s Last Theorem was accurate in 200 years. However, Gauss never answered her letter and Sophie never received the

As a family of merchants, they lived relatively comfortable in the middle-class. Due to the historical timeline of the French Revolution (1789-1799), tensions were high among French citizens. Her father was very politically involved and concerned about his money during this period of time. As a young girl, she felt her family was too obsessive over politics and money. She found a sanctuary within her father’s library away from the political tensions at the time.

After more testing, she found that pitchblende, a mineral which contained lots of uranium, made more radioactivity than the uranium itself should, which meant the pitchblende had to contain another unseen radioactive element. Pierre helped Marie and set aside his own work because of her fascinating discoveries. In July 1898, after they found 2 new elements, they went out to publish a paper about their findings, and named the first new element ‘polonium’ due to Marie’s nationality (Poland) and the second named ‘radium’, because in Latin, ray is radium.People started using radium in everyday life without knowing of the dangers of it, used to ‘cure cancer’ due to the fact it destroys cells. Pierre and Marie had began to experience consequences of working around radioactive materials for so long, such as weight loss and becoming more feeble. Pierre died April 19th, 1906 when he fell into the street and a wagon ran over him, and there’s reason to believe his exposure to radium caused his

Barbara Goldsmith sets the stage for a journey through the life of the well-respected Marie Curie with her enshrining in the Panthéon. She justifies her place in the world through science and proves that one can still be successful through misfortune. Madame Curie may be known for her discovery of radium and advances in radioactivity, but Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie reveals a much more complex life of a woman ahead of her time.

At age 13 she began her research in math reading works of Leonhard Euler, Lagrange, Legendre, and Gauss. She spent this time confined to her house due to the fact there was common french revolts. She spent this time in her father’s library. Germaine began teaching herself mathematics. Her parents thought the hobby she took up was not suitable hobby. Germaine persisted, her parents