Marine Sustainability Research Paper

Economic activity and our environment have been closely linked since man first discovered the concept of trade. In the language of economics, the environment has itself, become an increasingly “scarce resource1”. Since economics is about managing these scarce resources, it will be a useful tool when considering some of the environmental issues facing our planet. One of the major concerns confronting the environment today is the overfishing of the world’s oceans, depleting some species to near extinction. With continued advances in technological and industrial proficiency, fishing vessels are able to fish across the globe, further exacerbating the effects of overfishing. Because the oceans are considered a shared or common

The oceans need to be protected because it is where life began and if not taken care of, life as we know it will end. The well-being of the ocean is constantly being threatened and needs to stop. When dangerous substances go into the ocean, ecosystems suffer and become endangered along with the lives of people and marine life. The importance of protecting and preserving the quality and biodiversity of the world 's coasts must be recognized because they are truly irreplaceable. If humans are not educated , and become careless about what is thrown on the ground or sprayed on lawns, disastrous effects follow when it comes to the condition of the ocean’s ecosystems, which can endanger life itself, leading to a problem only we can correct. There is historical evidence of ocean pollution, although the problem still shadows us today.

Earth's oceans are dying. “About 80% of the ocean around the world is polluted with chemicals industrial and residential waste, all of which comes from the land” (“Marine Problems…”).  Pollution is mainly coming from the people. Marine pollution should be stopped because it is the cause of many problems and if something is done about it, people will see an increase in sea life and healthier waters. It makes its way into the ocean and kills marine life. Ocean pollution is affecting the way of fisherman and their everyday lives. It is also very bad on the community because pollution is very bad on tourism. Ocean pollution should be stopped because it is poorly affecting marine life, it is not good for fishermen, and is very bad on tourism.

Pollution and the human effect on marine ecosystems has been an issue for decades. Human impact can be found in the most remote places in the oceans in the form of floating trash, habitat destruction, and invasive species. More people should be much more careful about how they treat this wonderful world that we call home and protect what is given to us.

The report looks at the rise of Islamist militancy and the JI network, and discusses terrorism in the

“If we stick to this trajectory, Earth's oceans will have more plastic in them than fish by 2050.” Our ocean is in danger and we have to start helping so that we can still enjoy the ocean in our future. There are many ways we can help. We can help by picking up beaches and keeping them clean when we visit them, using less plastic products, and we can support organizations that help out water even if we do not live in places that have access to the water. If we help out our ocean it will not only help out us but also help out oceanic animals.

People often take the ocean for granted due to its vastness since it makes up over seventy percent of the Earth, however the integrity of the ocean is deteriorating. One of the major, worldwide threats to the wellbeing of the ocean and its inhabitants is overfishing. Overfishing affects not only the ocean, but also the land dwellers. Many countries around the world depend on fish as their main source of food. Tons of fish are caught out of the sea daily, however, the rate that fish are being hauled is far too high where fish stocks are incapable of naturally recovering. There is a decline in population size of affected fish and some species have even faced extinction. Overfishing is the leading cause of ecological extinction, foregoing any other human disruptions to marine ecosystems, such as pollution, water degradation, and climate change (Jackson, et al). Overfishing causes an overwhelming devastation upon the oceans because it depletes food resources, disrupts the food web, and destroys habitats of aquatic organisms, due to this, overfishing causes an oceanic ecological collapse worldwide.

The mid to late twentieth century and the twenty first century have been devastating to the world’s oceans in terms of pollution, overfishing, ice caps melting, destruction of habitat, and increasing amounts carbon dioxide being dissolved into the water. These are only a few of the seemingly endless problems humans have introduced to the oceans. Things like the ice caps melting affect how basic aspects of the oceans function. Pollution and destruction of habitat affect nearly every species of marine organism. Fish die from toxic waste, turtles and sharks get caught in nets, and birds eat plastic. Overfishing depletes the population of certain species and throws entire food chains off balance. A combination of things affects fish and

On Earth, all the diversity of living beings rely on the environment to survive. Likewise, humans rely on the environment to provide food, water, and shelter as well as resources for existence. With the resources from the environment, humans create man-made products to simplify life, but these products are intensified with chemicals to last longer. Likewise, since the products are either not biodegradable or do not biodegrade quickly, they stay within the environment for long periods of time and are known as debris. This debris affects our environment both on land and in the oceans. According to the article “Thank You Ocean”, the debris that is entered into the ocean, also known as marine debris, is any man-made solid product (thankyouocean.org).

Since the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on 11 September 2001, there have been different U.S. strategies to try and combat the rise of global terrorism. The attacks made the entire world all too aware of the scale and scope of threats that terrorism can carry. The post-9/11 global climate has thus seen a shift in awareness of and response to terrorist threats. For the last thirteen years now the United States has denoted terrorism as one of the largest threats to national security and the “highest strategic objective of U.S. embassies worldwide”, a challenge which demands no less resolve than the was required to combat Nazism and Fascism during the last century. This is due to the subversive and penetrative nature of global terrorism, as terrorist groups have the potential to undermine governments and strike devastatingly and completely out of the blue. For this reason, the Unites States has ramped up its antiterrorism and counterterrorism efforts in order to combat the aforementioned transnational and global threat of terror.

Boat and cruise ships are ruining the ocean by the minute for us and the animals that live in it, because oil and gas are leaking into the ocean. On cruise ships noise pollution affects the wildlifes hearing often leading to their death. For us seeing oil on the top of the water is not the most pleasant thing to see while kayaking or Paddleboarding. For that reason, boats in the ocean and in lakes should be tested for oil and gas leaks so they won’t pollute the ocean or harm any of the many ocean animals like turtles and dolphins. They should also check the air quality because it can be harmful to birds and us. Would you rather have an okay day on the water and harm many ocean ecosystems Or would you rather get your boat checked and fixed

The facts make it clear: marine life is being overfished. Several poor countries that border a large body of water depend on fishing industries to make money and feed their populations. More than 50% of fish imports come from developing countries. In the

In order for there to be plenty of fish in the years ahead, fisheries will have to develop sustainable fisheries and some will have to close. Due to the constant increase in the human population, the oceans have been overfished with a resulting decline of fish crucial to the economy and communities of the world. The control of the world's fisheries is a controversial subject, as they cannot produce enough to satisfy the demand, especially when there aren't enough fish left to breed in healthy ecosystems. Scientists are often in the role of fisheries managers and must regulate the amount of fishing in the oceans, a position not popular with those who have to make a living fishing ever decreasing populations.

The majority of the targets for the Sustainable Development Goal of conserving ocean and marine resources were measurable and can be attained through sensible efforts and dedication. However, targets 14.1 and 14.2 were not as fully measurable as others due to vague execution methods for addressing the issue in concern. To further explain, target 14.1 has a measurable target of reducing pollution, but does not further elaborate on how to do so. Furthermore, target 14.2 addresses the measurable requirement to protect oceanic and marine ecosystems, yet the approaches to solving the problem included “strengthening their resilience, and taking action…”, which appear to sound vague and immeasurable (UNSDKP). Therefore, a good approach to dealing with these issues is to educate and raise awareness to the public about the harmful consequences of polluting the ocean. Moreover, targets 14.3 and 14.4 were substantially more measurable and addressed a direct, realistic solution to the issues. These targets discuss ocean acidification and overfishing respectively, both being measurable since acidity levels and fish population can be measured overtime. The direct solution to both issues is scientific cooperation, where a scientific approach is most likely able to resolve these matters. Likewise targets 14.5 and 14.6 are measurable because land area and subsidies can be quantified. Target 14.7 is not only a measurable target, but also rewarding. Firstly, economic benefits are measurable

It is well known that approximately 40% of the world’s population lives within 100km of a coastline. Knowing this fully well goes to explain the effect which this population have on the coastal area and the coastal resources (Segal 1997). Generally, coastal population exerts enormous pressure on the marine environment and its resources due to seeking out a livelihood, it is also documented that a considerable percentage of the economy comes from the activities, occupations, and livelihood that really either directly or indirectly on marine resources and several other factors that are present there(Small, Gornitz & Cohen 2000). As a result of this, issues arise from conflicting uses of marine resources either through man’s interaction with the marine environment causing pollution and depletion of resources or through man’s interaction with fellow man giving rise to a dispute over use of space, unauthorised use and exploiting of resources (Cicin-Sain et al. 1998). All these activities, according to (Douvere 2008) have “considerably increased the demand for ocean space and it is certain that this will continue to be so in the future”.