Marine and Lacustrine Soil Types

The results shows us that the hypothesis between the river Loughton brook and the erosion shows that it gets wider and deeper due to many reasons such as vertical erosion, lateral erosion, hydraulic action and abrasion of rocks.

During the Silurian period, approximately 420 million years ago the rock bed central New York sits on was formed. In comparison the soils in the area only date 12 to 14 thousand years back in comparison. This resulted because archeological evidence shows that the Tully Valley as we know it today used to be underwater 500-300million years ago (Baldauf, 2003). One effect of this is there are a lot of trapped salt minerals that built up over the years and lithified to become rock. During the last glacial event about 8,000 years ago Tully was cut into the “U” shaped valley we recognize today. After the warming event and the ice receded moraines and kames, glacial land forms became visible in the till left in the valley. The Tully was a lake for a while similar to the Finger Lakes running north to south (Baldauf, 2003). Contrarily to the Finger Lakes the Tully Valley sits higher above sea level and it eventually drained. Today only two main creeks are the only remaining water in the valley, Rainbow, and Rattle Snake which flow along the 1200ft incline.

The roots of the trees and shrubs around a lake to help hold the soil in place during heavy rain or when the waves hit the shore.

Erosion is a process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity wear away rocks and soil. Erosion occurs at the Earth’s surface, and has no effect on the Earth’s mantle and core. Water erosion is the removal of soil particles by heavy rainfall or running water. “While the causes of erosion by water are generally natural, water erosion is usually caused by rainfall and runoff on a slope” (GEI Works Erosion Pollution). “The process of water erosion usually occurs on stream and river banks, sea shores and seaside cliffs” (Reference.com).

Starved rock and St. Peter Sandstone are an erosional remnant of Ordovician period. These remnants contain Pennsylvanian clastics that survived the washing out of the Illinois River at the end of the Ice Age. Evidence for swift, turbulent, and deep water includes gravel bars and erosional features as high as 160 feet above the current level of the river, massive cross bedded sand, and gravel deposits along the river course.

The site is of major geoconservation significance because of being the only place on earth where rocks from the earth’s mantle - 6 km

The glaciation is very confusing to those who don't know about glaciers so here is some background information. The last glacial advance started about 75,000 years ago and the last

Despite a family history of geophysicists and rock enthusiasts, I’ve never found the subject of rocks particularly fascinating. However, an exploration of Earth Science has lead me to the discovery that rocks are actually hidden gems (often literally), and that there’s more to the topic than one would think.

At Nudgee Beach, erosion was found to have occurred on the edges of the mangrove forest and along the mudflat shorelines. Erosion is typically influenced by natural factors and occurs when pieces of weathered rock or soil are moved – typically by wind and water – from one place to another. Shorelines with lots of sediment and sand are more inclined to be effected by erosional progression. Erosion may also be provoked and accelerated by human interference. For example, if the decision to clear trees and plants from an area is made, erosion is likely to occur as the root systems of plants work to hold the soil in place. If these root systems are removed and erosion does occur, environmental conditions – such as; landslides and flooding – are more likely to take place. Erosion may also cause other plants to tip over, have their underground roots exposed and damaged and contribute to the pollution of local waters; as a result of mud and soil runoff [26]. Erosion at Nudgee Beach was likely to have been influenced by natural factors; however, the development and extension of the Kedron Brook golfing course may contribute to the acceleration of erosional processes and further damage the mangrove

Complete this week’s lab by filling in your responses to the questions from Geoscience Laboratory. Select answers are provided for you in red font to assist you with your lab work. Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are encouraged to answer others from the text on your own.

During the Late Kaskaskia (Cratonic Sequence 3), what type of deposition predominated on the craton?

The Grand Canyon has plenty of volcanic rocks near the bottom and the top. ICR, Institute for Creative Research, has been involved in a project for years to date these volcanic rocks. this study has come a long way to show that many of the Grand Canyon strata could have formed rapidly, and that the erosion of the Canyon by the Colorado River has not been going on for millions of years.

settlement dating from the end of the last ice age between 10,000 and 8000 BC, when

Polychaetes are now considered as the most abundant species of marine worms today as we have identified around 10,000 species of them and counting as the technology for marine research is becoming more sophisticated, but HOW LONG DO THEY EXIST??

Achievements of the Mars Exploration Rover mission are impressive. Spirit found evidence of past water through its months-long trek across different layers of hilly terrain at Columbia Hills, as each layer consisted of clues to past environmental conditions on Mars (NASA 2013). More signs of a wet past became obvious as the rover gained altitude. By investigating the composition and texture of more than six different types of rocks, scientists identified that this area was once a hot, violent place with volcanic explosions and impacts (NASA 2013). Marks on debris throughout the area were formed by abundant water in the form of hot springs or other water features. Mineral goethite which only forms in the presence of water was found to present in one of the rock types (NASA 2013). Therefore, it signified the first direct evidence of past water in Columbia Hills. Besides that, spirit’s wheel scraped a trench in Mars surface soil as it struggled up toward a ridgeline on Husband Hill, disclosing light-toned material in which the salty material had water molecules bound to the minerals, uncovering the watery pasts of Mars (NASA 2013). In addition, dust found in Gusev Crater by Spirit was found to consist of ferrimagnetic minerals such as