Marisa Leathers. Kathleen Mccoy. Development Of The Exceptional

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a concise, uniform definition for conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is a broad term used to describe the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy (Caley, Kramer, & Robinson, 2005). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder can also cause growth retardation, birth defectscomma and deficits in cognitive, languagecomma and motor development (Coles et al., 2015). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is a teratogenic effect, which is caused by daily, chronic, heavy and frequent alcohol use while in utero. Chances of an infant diagnosed with FASD are 0.5 to 3 in 1,000 live births (Cone-Wesson, 2005). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder has many different diagnoses. There is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS)comma and alcohol-related neuro-developmental disorder (ARND)comma all under the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder umbrella (Brown et al., 2015). Maternal alcohol use is correlated to the timing, frequencycomma and quantity of the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Drinking during the first trimester may not be as detrimental as drinking during the second or third trimester. The frequency of alcohol consumed is also a key factor in FASD, such as how often per day drinks are consumed, the quantity of alcohol consumed, and how many glasses or cans per day the mother consumes

Alcoholism is a real threat to pregnant women. In particular, there is a huge rise in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) cases, which is when an unborn fetus actually becomes addicted to and dependent on alcohol passed from the mother. In 1996, only 0.5 to 3.0 cases were confirmed for every 1,000 pregnancies, but today, that number is a staggering 20 to 50 cases per 1,000

FAS is defined as a medical diagnosis involving four key features: alcohol exposure, growth deficiently, certain facial features, and brain damage. Infants who have been exposed to prenatal alcohol rarely show all symptoms of the medical condition FAS. Other terms have been used to describe the implication involved with FAS. Frequently used terms are: Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Alcohol-related Neurodevelopmental Disorder and Alcohol-related Birth Defects. A child with Partial Fetal Alcohol syndrome exhibits only some of the physical signs of FAS and will likely have both learning and behavioral difficulties. A child suffering from Alcohol-related Neurodevelopmental Disorder will demonstrate signs of neural damage, problems with memory, poor social skills, and learning difficulties. Children diagnosed with

As stated earlier, alcohol has its greatest effect on the developing embryo during the first trimester of pregnancy with its teratogenic effect causing mental retardation as well as characteristic craniofacial abnormalities that are characteristic of the disease. It has also been demonstrated with experimental animal models that there is a clear "dose-response" effect between the amount of alcohol consumed by the mother and the risk that is associated with developing FAS symptoms (Walpole, p. 875). It has been proposed by Walpole and associates that there are various degrees to which the fetus An be effected. Walpole uses the term "fetal alcohol syndrome" to refer to serious effects due to heavy maternal drinking and "fetal alcohol effect" to refer to those effects thought to occur with lower maternal alcohol intake (Walpole, p. 875). Regardless of the degree to which

To clearly distinguish a child as having FAS poses a difficult thing for researchers. They soon began to realize that they were encountering children with some, but not all the classical signs of FAS. Because a diagnosis of FAS demands the presence of all three hallmarks, (growth deficiency, central nervous system dysfunction, and

FAS or fetal alcohol syndrome is a severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), and the effects of this condition are usually permanent. There are a wide range of symptoms and these are just a few: a small head, smooth ridge between the upper lip and nose, small and wide-set eyes, very thin upper lip, or other abnormal facial features and below average height and weight. (The Healthline Editorial Team). 2015. Another factor that may affect the fetus and the baby in future development is stress. When you’re stressed, your body goes into "fight or flight" mode, sending out a burst of cortisol and other stress hormones. These are the same hormones that surge when you are in danger. They prepare you to run by sending a blast of fuel to your muscles and making your heart pump faster. (Watson, S). 2013. Some studies show that chronic stress may lead to low birth weight, and this is when you alter your bodies stress management system. And based on what I have read I do feel that lower stress levels outweigh the minor risks of controlled alcohol consumption. This is due to the fact that there have been no studies that directley link moderate alcohol consumption to birth defects. FAS has been linked to mothers who abused alcohol during

Since the discovery of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome specialists have been trying to understand the different affects that alcoholism can have on a fetus. As a result of these studies there have been several terms used to range describe the different effects the alcohol can have on a fetus. They are called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Effects, Alcohol Related Birth Defects, ,and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, and Alcohol Related Neurological Disorder. There are three primary facial abnormalities that a specialists looks for in order to make an official diagnosis of FAS .These include smooth philtrum,thin vermillion border,and short palpabrel fissures.A documentation is also made about the growth deficits and CNS abnormalities a child with CNS may face. The term “fetal alcohol effects” (FAE)is used to describe negative outcomes of maternal alcoholism that do not meet the criteria for FAS.FAE was first introduced in1978.There was research conducted by a group called Research Society on Alcoholism’s Fetal Alcohol Study Group (FASG) (Rosett 2013). Problems began to arise concerning the use of terminology to distinguish between a diagnosis of FAS and FAE

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a collection of conditions that affect the cognitive, physical, and motor development and abilities of children. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is caused by a teratogen, such as alcohol or illicit drugs, crossing through the mother’s blood to the developing fetus (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 201 6). Depending on the amount of the toxin consumed and the period of the pregnancy, FAS has a wide degrees of severity and therefore is considered a spectrum disorder (Plante & Beeson, 2013).

Overall, children and adults with FASDs are faceing a lifelong challenge ofwith lifelong, negative effects of the brain and CNS damage. As a result, children with FASD can have a wide range of physical, cognitive, social, mental, and behavioral effects” (Caley et al., 2005). FASDs presents in each person differently. Carpenter (2011) says that “A number of factors, such as the pattern and timing of alcohol consumption, the stage of foetal development, and social behavioural factors, such as poverty and smoking, may exacerbate the impact of alcohol” (p. 37).

Like many other disorders there is a range of characteristics and behaviours a student with FASD may present. It is important to ensure you use strategies that are fitted to the individuals

In this span of time the effects of FAS are many different patterns of behavior. Including, lack of reasoning skills, do not learn from mistakes very often, irrational behavior, and no cause and effect thinking skills. Marks older brother James is 31 months old. Though the two of them showed many of the same behaviors and symptoms of FAS, James was older and had an entirely different attitude and problems. He also showed no language development, but did not show evidence of emotional reactions. Also he did not respond well to social approaches from children or adults. He had horrible sleeping habits, often waking up in the middle of the night and wondering around and playing with toys in the dark. Another problem he had was he would not eat at the table, also would eat food out of the trash and off dirty plates. At the same check-up that Mark had, James also showed dramatic improvement. Though small for his age, he tested at an IQ of 75. Very high for someone in the condition he was one year ago. He was potty-trained, all sleeping issues were seemingly gone, food patterns were normal. As they get older they are developing conduct issues at school. (Stratton pages 56-58)

This study used a nonequivalent control group design the children were clinically diagnosed with FASD and ADHD who participated in this study “were recruited through the Asante Centre for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome located in the Fraser Region of British Columbia.” (Lane, Stewart,

Brown, J. M., Haun, J., Zapf, P. A., & Brown, N. N. (2017). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and

FASD is a broad spectrum of completely preventable intellectual and developmental deficits in individuals, resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Alcohol is a teratogenic compound (that is, a substance that interferes with the normal development of the embryo or fetus) that readily crosses the placenta. In the absence of a developed blood filtration system, the fetus is totally unprotected from alcohol circulating in the blood system. Children with FASD will have physical and intellectual disabilities presented on a continuum, including damage to organs such as heart and lungs, and central nervous system damage causing learning difficulties in the areas of gross and fine motor skills, social and emotional development, hyperactivity and attention disorders, understanding rules and cause and effect, receptive and expressive language, sensory processing disorders and problem solving and numeracy (Blackburn,

When conveying the interview, it had become apparent that FAS initially starts affecting a child in their early years of life. During the interview, the respondent said ‘’we originally did not recognise that the child had Fetal Alcohol Syndrome’’. Moreover, that, ‘’If I had not had to go to work; then the child would not have attended pre-school but gone into school, when they would reach school age and at it would not have been recognised until then’’. These are direct quotes that enable me to answer one of my aims. Furthermore, research done by Medscape (2010) supports this as it states that diagnosing FAS is difficult as there is not one way of discovering if one has the disease. Medscape (2010) state that it cannot only be judged by blood