Marisela Giesbrecht 101021889 Extractive Reserves

Deforestation presents in an abundance of ways, including fires, clear-cutting for agriculture, ranching and development, unsustainable logging for timber, and degradation due to climate change. The foremost reason of deforestation in Latin America is the requirement for food, fuel, shelter, and foreign exchange. Year on year, a space of tropical forest the size of Great Britain is "converted" from an area equal to the size of Europe. Ever since 1950, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), half of the world 's forests have disappeared. “Latin America has lost 37 percent of its tropical forests,” says the FAO. As more and more of Latin American forest are degraded, more and more detrimental effects are being seen. Deforestation is changing a number of resources for tribal groups, altering their way of life, temperatures are increasing at a dangerous rate because of a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, habitats and species such as plants and wildlife are being annexed due to the destructive effects of deforestation. Deforestation is inarguably helpful to supplying money to countries that sell the products from the forest, but huge wealth being generated from the forests comes with large-scale environmental and social costs. The local residences are not benefitting and the funds are being siphoned out of the region.

Deforestation poses an alarming threat to Brazil’s Amazon rainforest, and it has been a serious concern for over 40 years. For thousands of years, the abundant, valuable resources in the Amazon were familiar only to the indigenous people of the region. In the 1500’s, before European colonization of Brazil, there were an estimated six to nine million individuals part of different cultures that made up a rich Amazonian society (“History”). Surrounded by the luxuriant rainforest and its natural resources, these indigenous tribes were able to thrive by utilizing the resources without destroying their habitat. After European emigration, the government of Brazil exploited the value of the Amazon’s resources in the twentieth century. In the 1970’s, the Brazilian government discovered the “untapped source of boundless potential” hiding in the Amazon and began using incentives to persuade settlers to develop its resources (Casey). Once economists realized the importance of the resources found within the rainforest, European pioneers set out to transform the Amazon into their home. By endorsing colonization, the government could not only boost the country’s economy, but also gain control over Brazil’s vast territory. The government supported migration to the rainforest and campaigned for the construction of infrastructure (“History”). In concurrence, the development of roads such as the Trans-Amazonian Highway, a 2,000 mile road built in 1972, granted people and machinery entrance to

However, due to more people searching for plots there is greater pressure on the amount of available land. The logging industry is responsible for a relatively small level of deforestation, accounting for 3% in Brazil. Consequently, all these activity contribute together to the rapid loss of what is left of the rainforest and a large proportion of the world’s biodiversity. All of the resources that the rainforest provides could be lost in the next 40 years.

While driving through the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, everywhere one looked it was green. I could not get over how much green there was. Unfortunately, only 7% of the original forest here remains today (Hance). The rapid growth of the cocoa economy combined with unsustainable practices led to this rapid decline. Agriculture still plays a major role in this region and will continue to impact the Atlantic Forest ecosystem unless more sustainable measures are put into place. There are numerous groups responsible for the direction of development in this region; however, a special emphasis needs to be placed on the role of social divisions and inequality. Presently and into the future, social classes will have an important role in the success or failure of sustainable development in the Atlantic Forest region. To comprehend why, sustainable development must be defined and then evaluated in the context of agriculture and land distribution.

Deforestation is defined as: “the clearing of virgin forests, or intentional destruction or removal of trees and other vegetation for agricultural, commercial, housing, or firewood use without replanting and without allowing time for the forest to regenerate itself” (SCRIBD). Deforestation has been a problem in Latin America since the early 1900s and the severity of the dilemma is increasing rapidly. Deforestation not only has consequences for the environment, but also, the indigenous people and the national economy. The logging industry in Latin America is often exploited by multinational companies that are not properly regulated. The land that has provided a home and cultivated indigenous development for centuries is being dissipated rapidly. Due to an exponentially growing global population, there is an increased demand for low priced goods--like timber, crops, and meat. Many Latin American countries value revenue from selling these goods over the health of their local ecosystems. The crisis of deforestation and habitat loss is shifting from a local to global problem. As deforestation continues, global warming escalates worldwide, impacting every country and person. About 15 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions come from tropical deforestation, which is more than from all the world’s cars, trucks and buses combined (Schwartzman). Puerto Rico and Brazil provide contrasting examples of the impact of deforestation. Puerto Rico had an economic and environmental shift

Stewardship and economical asset use and how they apply to the Amazon Rainforest: Maybe the most perfect way to deal with location deforestation in the Amazon is by building up another insurance course of action in light of the principle of supportable usage and change of rainforests. Sensible change is an expression that has been used every now and again over the earlier decade, however savants will quickly tell you that assembling natural items, latex, and nuts from the rainforests is inadequate make a living also reinforce a creating economy. "Financial Improvement" should consider a shrouded thinking to be joined through technique to distinctive experts and business undertakings included in the usage and progression of rainforest grounds and resources. Under Brazilian law, a critical piece of the Amazon is fundamentally an open access resource, so there negligible catalyst for squatters, farmers, or originators to use timberland grounds or resources in a conservative way.

This policy memo addresses the development and expansion of the cattle ranching industry in Brazil, which has contributed to the mass deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon in the last 40 years. It exposes the regional and global consequences to deforestation and provides strategies for the Brazilian government to sustainably manage cattle ranching industries while protecting the future of the Amazon. The rainforest ecosystem is an immense reserve of natural recourses that is far more valuable than the beef produced on Brazilian cattle ranches. Not only does the rainforest create habitat for up to 65% of the world’s biodiversity, but when harvested sustainably, it provides humans with an abundance of spices, foods, oils, medicines

As we deforest the African rainforest not only are we killing potential cures for diseases as well as innocent animals we are also killing human beings. There are three larger and more widely known tribes The Pygmies, The Huli, and The Indigenous (People of the rainforest). Most of the people in the African rainforest spend a plentiful amount of the year in a near village where they trade bush meat and honey for manioc, produce, and other goods. They most often trade with the family they had previously chosen often times the families will trade with each other for generations (Butler, 2012). Traditionally the people of the rainforest are hunters and gatherers, but deforestation has created jobs for forestry workers, farming, and mining (Social Impacts of Logging, 2006).Traditionally the rainforest inhabitants travel by foot or by boat with deforestation roads are being built allowing cars and trucks to go through. (Laurance, 2012). The people who occupy the rainforest live

The contemporary issue in the Amazon Region not only affects the indigenous people living there, but has an irreversible global impact. This significant issue relates to engaged citizenship and past indigenous experiences by the way the indigenous peoples stand up for their land rights, become recognized by the government, and show how this issue has an economic effect on the world. According to BBC news, an estimated 333,000 indigenous people live in the Peruvian Amazon. With more than 60% of this region being rainforests, deforestation acts such as illegal logging, illegal mining, agriculture and infrastructure projects are destroying this indigenous land. This land was at risk because of the government’s lack of recognition and enforcement

Social and technological development has negatively affected the native people of the Amazon Rainforest. Challenges such as increasing population size, climate change and global warming, market integration and trade, deforestation, the price of development, and resurgent protectionists are social and ecological threats to native Amazonian life and culture. Their ability to be resilient to these changes requires cooperation, organization, adaptation, and eventually conformation.

The most appropriate way to resolve conflict in the amazon forest is to make a treaty with the other group so they won’t cross a certain line to enter our reserve because it provides evidence of how this group has been here longer and has much more knowledge. The important thing is they hunted and gathered to maintain a proper building manner. Even partly of why these particular groups want the other settlers to leave the land, because it’s too crowded- meaning one of the groups will have to move, but there are no other places in the Amazon, their groups could go, hunting and gathering generally nomadic, living in one small temporary settler for 4-5 years until all natural resources droughted, then they moved on, and their food, medicine, and clothing came along with them from the forest. Small farming and having a system for hunting and gathering, during these times the Native Amazonians had a lifestyle of a sustainable living. They call the forest their home. They’ve been losing land for 500 years because of the Europeans.

On July 15, 2013, the Paiter-Suruí, an Amazonian tribe whose territory is located within the northwestern Brazilian state of Rondônia, became the first indigenous group in the world to earn REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) validation for its carbon sequestering plan and thus officially sanctioned to engage in carbon trading. Representing a key moment in the Paiter-Suruí’s cultural history, it is important to understand that the path that led them to adopt a financially driven forest conservation model was undertaken first and foremost as a strategy for cultural survival. To achieve its goal of REDD+ validation the Suruí (as they are more commonly known) had to not only overcome a history of marginalization

Environmental groups support the native amazonians and would like to help them keep their land. Here are some ways to stop deforestation. We can try to make corporations help, they have the power to destroy the rainforest but they also have the power to protect it. There are many things companies can do to stop deforestation or at least bring it down to a much smaller amount than it currently is at. We can help by supporting and buying products using recycled wood. If we support corporations helping the problem of deforestation then other companies will join in and also start to do things to stop the deforestation happening in the amazon rainforest. The government has a super important role in the stopping of deforestation and needs to do its part if we ever want to stop the shrinking of the amazon. In the United States we have laws and treaties to stop illegal wood from getting into our markets and we need to get these kind of things

The Amazon plays a critical role in regulating global climate, storing massive amounts of carbon and emitting 20 percent of the world's life-giving oxygen but due to fires and people cutting down the trees carbon is released into the atmosphere, it's about the same as every car, bus, ship, plane, etc. in the world. Nearly one-fifth of the Amazon has been cleared due to demands such as timber, soy, and beef. We are afraid of finding the tipping point of doing irreversible damage to our environment. We don't know where the tipping point is but we are very close. We are taking more from the environment than we are giving back. To help reverse most of the damage we need to be finding better ways to travel and do easy general things. Without the

So now we know what some of the problems are and what is going on how will we develop the Amazon Rainforest sustainably? It is certainly not a simple matter many techniques have been tried and so far none of them have been very effective. I will look at each technique and analyse why they were not very successful then I will propose some of my own.