Maroo Of The Winter Caves

In chapter four of his book “Barbarian Virtues,” Matthew Frye Jacobson connects the theories and beliefs used to interpret relationships to the development of humans over time. He states that scholarly methods in academics have been used to systematically rank different groups of people. Jacobson discusses many academic disciplines used in these theories such as, anthropology, genetics, biology, psychology, and linguistics. Throughout this chapter, Jacobson divides his research into three categories: cultures, genes, and minds. Together these theories of human development highlight the superiority and inferiority conflict between races in nineteenth

Some evidence to prove this is, "The clay was made into bricks and tiles in factories near Arretium. The clay, dug out of large pits in the ground, was formed into standard shapes and sizes using wooden molds." A reason for having to be intelligent and having to have physical strength is, they need skilled workers to cut, polish, and carve the stone. If they weren't that smart or unskilled they would lift huge block from the ground which required both strength and intelligence. The text states that, "The skilled laborers cut, polished, or carved inscriptions in the stone. The unskilled workers seperated and lifted the huge blocks from Earth. The stone was usually cut with a saw. When the stone was hard, the blade used in the saw had no teeth; sand and steel fillings were placed under the blade and the back-and-forth motion of the saw ground away from the stone." So with that said it was very important to have physical strength and to have intelligence because of those reasons. The way we build today still uses both of those ideas just a little bit less since we have tools to help

The Inuit people find it very useful for their society to understand the spiritual part of their culture because it helps them connect to each other and their inner self. Culture is extremely significant to the Inuit people and they spent a lot of time practicing how to greater it. In Concise Dictionary of Social and Cultural Anthropology by Mike Morris culture is defined as: “general use, culture is usually treated as an attribute of quality of refinement in the mind, which can be accumulated or exercised through reading, attending the theatre, and classical music concerts and similar pursuits” (pg.56). Culture is also defined by Charles Winick in Dictionary of Anthropology as: “all that which is nonbiological and socially transmitted in a society, including artistic, social, ideological, and religious patterns of behaviour, and the techniques for mastering the environment”(pg. 146). The intelligence of Raven is never ending, he can do anything he set his mind too, Raven is especially good at healing.

The civilizations and its people are all intelligent. During their lifespan, Mesopotamians and ancient Egyptians created their own written language that used symbols. It allowed their historians to record important events. Sadly, their written language was hard to learn due to having tons of symbols.

Nature is an amazing friend that usually leads people on the path of survival. Think of the Eskimo, how did they survive in such harsh, cold conditions? The environment provided ice in abundance for making igloos, seals found naturally in that area provided many different commodities to the Eskimo. What about the Incan culture that claimed the Andes Mountains as their home? The Incan Empire found itself 12,000 feet above sea level. They adapted to their surroundings and flourished in that high altitude. They had the natural resources to sustain in their environment. The Incan people used llamas and alpacas for fur and milk. They also built terraces on the sides of mountains to produce vegetation. Necessity really is the mother of invention!

A huge factor in a civilizations success was their technology. Many technological discoveries made in these cultures are still used today. These include the wheel, knowledge of horse, domestication, farming, pottery, sail boats, maps and

The third objection argues that the use of phrases like “rise of civilization” conveys that civilization is better or more progressed than hunter-gatherer tribes.

Certain Aboriginal tribes at this time believed in reincarnation and the respect of the hunted animal. They also believed in the idea that animals that were shown were able to be killed as they were not under-populated. Although this method was not very scientific it still proves that idea that FN at this time were aware of the idea of over-hunting and aids in the idea of a harmony with their environment. Tribes such as “The Rupert House Cree hunted different sections of their land, leaving such to recruit two or even three years.” Which shows their ability to understand the environment and the animals that reside within it.

Souls, spirits, and their purpose regarding humans and life influences different Hmong cultural traditions, such as the Seed Ceremony, the String-Tying ritual, and a Hmong funeral (PBS:1). Each tradition involves souls and their connections to the human body, which establishes the importance of souls in the Hmong culture as they are a continuing theme and belief in many traditions and rituals (PBS:1). The Hmong and this connections to the soul is an example of habitus, unconscious actions and activities individuals in a group do often. The people are believing in spirits and their connection to souls. It is an unconscious and unquestionable belief shared by the Hmong people; therefore, categorizing the active thought and belief in spirits as habitus. Considering the Hmong’s viewpoint on souls in traditional rituals as habitus is critical to understand because it establishes that these views are common and important to the Hmong, thus establishing this view as an ordinary detail of their life. Spirits and their healing powers have a much greater value in Hmong culture over other healing methods, such as western medicine. Due to their large faith and belief in healing with spirits, other practices are not taken as seriously, as evident by Lia’s parents and not following the medication’s directions. There was a language and cultural barrier that also influenced their

* The Ibo people have a civilized community because they have an organized structure to their society with rules and laws. A society that employs morals, ethics, and accountability for peoples’ actions cannot be considered savage. The Ibo are highly religious; the base of most of their daily life revolves around religion, whether it is how they raise their families or how they grow crops, such as yams.

The humans that were most similar to modern humans were called Cro-Magnon. Cro-Magnons were hunter-gatherers and they exceeded in that area. They produced diverse tools with distinct shapes that are easily identified with modern tools. The Cro-Magnons were very

In Blue-Collar Brilliance, Mike Rose states that intelligence is closely associated with formal education- the type of schooling a person has, how much, and how long." (p. 276) He supports his statement by using his mother, Rosie, and uncle, Joe, as examples by showing how they used different skills to perform their jobs.

Rites and rituals of the Hmong people are an interesting topic. They are known for their rituals including the soul of a living being. The Hmong religions is traditionally animist. Animism is the belief in the spirit world and in the interconnectedness of all living things. The center of the Hmong culture is the Shaman, literally meaning “Father/Master of spirits” (PBS, 2013). The Hmong believe that the body is the host for a number of souls and that the separation of these souls from the body can cause many things including disease, depression,

The first tools developed during the Paleolithic Era were made from chipped stones, wood and bone, and "nets from plant fibers and animal sinew" (Holt, Rinehart, & Wilson, n.d.: 2). The Neolithic Era brought forth greater specialization. People began to make chisels, drills, and saws to address specific needs and also polished stones to create sharper and more defined points (Holt, Rinehart, & Wilson, n.d.: 2). Language scholars trace the development of the first forms of systematized language to this era: "The crucial evolutionary development that led to the burst in creativity in the Neolithic was the emergence of human language as a method for integrating across cognitive modules" (MacWhinney 2005: 383). During this era, the use of stones began to have a utilitarian purpose in a manner that showed more sophisticated thinking.