Martin De La Ysla, Born Abraham Abzaradiel

The history of Jews in host cities often depict a story of success or of failure when it comes to relations between the Jews and the Christians in Europe. Historian Jonathan Elukin, author of Living Together, Living Apart, presents the integration as a success process with rare, and special cases, of failure. On the other side of the spectrum is historian Raymond P. Scheindlin. Scheindlin’s novel, A Short History of the Jewish People, presents many cases of integration between the Christians and Jews that led to massacres and brutal endings for the Jewish community. There are many monumental events that take place during the long span of time that oversees European Jewish history, and both historians study and evaluate the events, however, they do so through different lenses.

They claimed that those of the Jewish faith were responsible for Jesus’ death, and therefore they were unable to be trusted. The expansion of Jewish communities infuriated the Christian society, pushing them towards their breaking point. In 1391, anti-Semitic violence broke out in Castile, and spread across many other areas in Spain such as Barcelona, Saragossa, and Valencia. Mobs entered the Jewish communities to burn synagogues, invade homes, rape the women, and kill the dominant Jewish rulers that were recognized. The Jews of Spain were given an ultimatum; evacuate, or convert to Christianity. Nearly half of them agreed to convert their faith, and they were baptized in order to show their true commitment to the Church. Those who converted were referred to as Conversos or “New Christians”. This ultimatum that those of the Jewish faith were given satisfied Christian societies, but it soon became apparent that the Conversos were not acting accordingly in respect to the Christian belief system. Although they attended church and participated in Christian traditions, behind closed doors, it was believed that they continued to practise the traditions, beliefs, and holy days outlined by the Jewish faith. They refrained from eating pork, and supposedly celebrated the Jewish Sabbath which lasted from Friday’s sundown until Saturday’s nightfall. This realization caused Christians to become furious, and those who had been deemed

After the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70 Jews found themselves in the hands of tolerant Muslims in Al-Andalus. Muslim tolerance of Jews played an important role in the advancement of Jewish studies as from this came great philosophers and leaders and the creation of the Talmud. When compared to Jews in the medieval Christian society, Jews in Muslim Spain in the Golden Age were more tolerated and thus able exercise their freedom comparably more that in Rome.

Elisheva Baumgarten’s work stands as a model for students and scholars alike in its comprehensive review of little-known writings and other sources from medieval Ashkenazi Jews as well as in its meticulous analysis of the often ambiguous writings. In Mothers and Children, Baumgarten examines a plethora of primary sources to explore the inner dynamics of Jewish families; she then uses this information to draw objective conclusions about the relationship between the Jewish and Christian communities in the middle ages.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was born in Jalapa, Veracruz Mexico, on February 21, 1794. He belongs to a “criollo” middle class family. His parents were from Spain. He was a Mexican politician and military leader who was President of Mexico eleven times from 1833 to 1855. He was president officially six times, and unofficially five more. He was also a disastrous president of Mexico because he lost Texas and much more of the current American west in the United States. However, by far he was an important figure of his generation in the Mexican history. Many people love him during his first years of president, and he was remembered for two major conflicts, the Battle of the Alamo in 1836 during the Texas Revolution, and as a restored Mexican leader during the Mexican-American War in 1847 (tshaonline.org).

The beginning of the Holocaust seems hopeful for Elie and his family, even though the Hurgarian police take away the foreign Jews that live in Sighet, Elie’s hometown, in cattle cars. Although nobody knows exactly what happens to them, the Jews in Sighet hear that they are in Galicia, working, and “content with their fate” (Wiesel 6). But that is not so, for Moishe, a

In the early years of medieval Spain; Christians, Muslims and Jews practiced a relatively peaceful coexistence. While they did not agree with one another’s religious practices and traditions, there was a certain level of tolerance for the other. Many Jews maintained upper class lifestyles, holding positions in such professions as medicine, law, and even royal and

The history of the Jewish people in Spain is certainly a pivotal time period that changed the future of the Jews and specifically, the Sephardic Jews. At the time of the issuing and signing of the Edict of Expulsion on March 31, 1492, Spanish Jews were experiencing the most persecution that had been felt in the many centuries of which the Jews had been in Spain. Spanish Jewry came to a dramatic end after almost a millennium of Jewish presence in the country. Spanish Jewry’s golden age, however, the Jews experienced almost no persecution, resulting in a new centre of Talmudic study, before suffering from a relapse of anti-Semitism that eventually led to the Inquisition and the Edict of Expulsion. (SOURCE 1) This essay will discuss and analyze

All throughout time, the Jewish people went through a lot. Judaism has fought through many challenges that have threatened its existence. One of the most iconic events for Judaism in history was the Holocaust. Although most of the events of the Holocaust are known to the world, there are still questions about the topic and much to learn. Some questions about the Judaism during the Holocaust are ‘In what ways were the Jewish people discriminated against during the Holocaust?’, ‘How did the Jewish people react to the Nazi force invasions?’, and ‘What happened to the Jewish people and religion after the Holocaust?’.

In the late 15th century, Spain gained its freedom from the Moors. They were Islamic North African people that were and controlled much of Spain. The wealthy, educated Jewish population financially assisted the monarchy to regain Spain from the Moors. Large prosperous Jewish communities existed in Spain. They were respected, unlike other areas of Europe where the Jews were persecuted and victims of organized massacres. In Spain, they remained the financial and scientific leaders in the 15th century. Many of Jews married into Catholic families, consequently, many of Spain’s Christian leaders were of Jewish descent. As Spain became a unified country, many Hispanics forgot the services from which the Jewish had provided them. The economy plummeted, and to many, the Jews became a scapegoat. They became targets for bigotry. Stories were created to lessen the Jews image. These stories included Jews murdering innocent Christian children. Such legends fueled the expulsion of the Jews from

They would play an important part in the government, statecraft, and scholarship of Moorish Spain. In Granada the Sephardim would take many important positions in the Moorish government. The Jews took inspiration from Arab literature and revitalized their ancient texts which were previously only used for worship. Hebrew was reborn in worship and song.

In the Luis de Carvajal reading, the idea of what it means to be a Jew is explored. To provide some background, Luis de Carvajal (the Younger) was a crypto-Jew, or a secret Jew, who lived in New Spain during the time of the Inquisition. He was burned at the stake in December 1596, after being convicted of observing Jewish religious practices. The reading as a whole fundamentally delineates Luis’ desire to embrace his religion during a time in which people of the Jewish faith either had to either convert to Christianity or suffer persecution. Ultimately, Luis de Carvajal’s memoirs entail the concept that being a Jew involves the following: being loyal and devoted to the religion; carrying on Jewish traditions; feeling or developing a community with fellow Jews; and believing in one God and having a personal connection with Him.

In this reflection paper I will be reflecting on the Jewish Americans making America their home and Americans response to the Holocaust. I will first address how the Jewish Americans emigrated from other nations into the United States. Once they got here what they had to do to become Americans but also keeping their Jewish identity visible. I will then talk about the Americans Response to the Holocaust and supply information about Jews in the Holocaust also including my thoughts on the Holocaust by ending in my conclusion. The reason for immigrating to America is the endless opportunities and immense freedom.

Since the many splits and merges of various religions, it seems that the Jewish people have never seemed to be accepted in any other religious domain. In this Petition, the Jewish people have been kicked out of yet another country, Brazil, which was previously under the power of the typically religious tolerant Dutch. This petition is a way for the Jewish people to contact the Dutch West India Company to address the fact that they are making it more difficult for the Jewish people to travel and live in another country.

In his novel tittle Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean, Edward Kritzler reveals a unique point of view on the Jews during the Inquisition when they were exiled and persecuted. Moreover, he supplements his book with bright descriptions about the Jewish journeys across the Atlantic Ocean in search of freedom. Also, the book is a valuable piece of writing that contains precious knowledge about the people of that era. This includes but is not limited to their traditions, place in the society, and general way of life. Collectively, the novel serves as a literary depiction of Caribbean Jews from a very exciting standpoint.