Marvin Perry Realism Essay

This helped form empiricism which says that what we know comes from experience and that observing and experimenting enable scientific knowledge

The Working class that made up around 80% of society had little or no bargaining power with their employers resulting in the continuation of unfair working hours, bad wages, and unsanitary and hazardous working conditions. The workers could not even fight for their rights in the political system as only the rich were eligible to vote.

Realism occurs everyday, one may not know but its the reason why know not everyone gets to live their lives to a happy ending, its the reason why sometimes you can't get everything you want in your life. Realism is the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly. Realism is a trend which takes place in the nineteenth century during which literature depicted life "as is," and focuses on real life. This literary movement frequently depicted everyday life; it follows the rule of a phenomenal world and that nothing is added to your life. It is the reverse job of what a filter would do to all the troubles that one may encounter later in life. Realism is

Realism was a huge movement in late 1800s to early 1900s. All art forms were influenced by it. Writers, artists, actors and more started taking a more simple direction and tried to depict life as it actually was. In visual art it was common to see ordinary people doing every day

More socioeconomic gradations developed among peasants as some, especially more prosperous ones…” (“The economic impact of the Black Death” 2012). After the decline of population, landlords began to change the focus of their production and begin to raise sheep, and cultivate more land at one time. the decrease in population caused by the plague increased the wages of peasants.”Lords began to realize they had less control over workers and began to change what they produced. Many workers were needed to grow and harvest grain, so some lords began to raise sheep instead. Raising sheep required fewer workers…” This requiring less workers, but because there were less people, women began to play a role in the working “middle class”.

The poor suffered from disease, inhabited substandard housing, had a high rate of alcoholism, crime and fighting, and high unemployment, and experienced lack of government social services. The poor and urban workers were the people that worked more harshly and were exposed to more diseases.

Realism was a direct result of the social and economic changes of the 19th century in Europe. It originated in France in the after the Revolutions of 1848, which were a series of political outbreaks throughout Europe. It was around 1906, when Jonas Lie discovered the beauty of impressionism in Claude Monet’s paintings when he went on a trip to Paris while visiting Norway to reconnect with the Norwegian side of his family. He was fascinated by Monet’s use of color and light and incorporated that style in his later works. Lie’s artistic talent in mixing the two art styles is evident, as seen in his painting Dusk on Lower Broadway. (See fig 1.) The brushstrokes look like they were made quickly but with precision, creating a piece of art that looks realistic from far

1. How did poverty represent the problems of an expanding nation during the early Republic period?

James Robert Brown of the University of Toronto is a realist. Realism, as affirmed by Brown, is determined by scientific success, which is best determined by theories that, first, “are able to organize and unify a great variety of unknown phenomena.” (Brown, p.133). Second, latter theories systemize data more accurately than former, lastly and most importantly “ a statistically significant number of novel predictions pan out,” (Brown, p.134).

Interpretivists also argue that the statistics and data used by positivists to discover their ‘laws of society’ might be invalid, because of the way they are gathered.

Realism is the tendency to view or represent things as they really are and not focus on the imagination of a person. Many people do not like to think in a realistic mindset because it shows the flaws that society has, or the

Abstracted empiricists, had according to Mills, adopted a research approach that sought to replicate the demonstrated success of the physical sciences, but in doing so had prioritised method over substance. In this respect it was “systematically a-historical and non-comparative.” Quantitative survey methods were presumed to be more rigorous than other kinds of social inquiry. But this kind of research was costly, required significant staff to distribute, collect, and tally the findings in preparation for basic computational analysis. These actions required large budgets and resources, and so led to the bureaucratization of

The idea of Realism was unofficially was created in fifth century BC by Thucydides, and continued through Niccolo Machiavelli. This lead to the first official IR theory of realism in Thomas Hobbes, amd Hans Morgenthau, known as Classical Realist. From there Classical Realism evolved to the ideas of Kenneth Waltz, which brought along the ideas of neo-realism or structural realism theory. Then came offensive, defensive, and neoclassical realism. Overall the main idea of realism is defined by internationalrelations.org as “when looking at the political system, or more specifically, the international system, realists focus their ideas about how international relations work based upon the concepts of power and security.” ("Realism

exist when trying to make a scientific prediction. Similarly, In the field of social sciences

Longino suggests that subjective judgment is a component of all knowledge production, and that acknowledging this will make for greater objectivity in science. She questions the basis for a distinction between the context of discovery and justification. If the context of justification is a myth, then it doesn 't make sense to speak about the 'accuracy ' of data. If it doesn 't make sense to speak about the accuracy of data, then it doesn 't make sense to propose a normative philosophy of science based on accuracy. What is need is a 'better bias. ' This better bias will be obtained by including as many diverse points of view as possible. Better bias implies broader inclusion of minorities and women.