Mary Whiton Calkins Essay

Throughout the early days of psychology, opportunities for women where limited and it was an extremely difficult time for women to become apparent in the field of psychology. Women struggled for equality in the field of psychology and this began with our pioneers, Mary Whiton Calkins, who sat her PhD but was never awarded it, Margaret Washburn, being the first women to be awarded a PhD and Christine Ladd Franklin.

Mary Whiton Calkins was the first woman to be elected as president of the American Psychological Association in 1905. The majority of her adult life was dedicated to her work in the development of “psychology of selves.” She was very passionate about the relatively ‘new’ world of psychology and was highly active in the field of philosophy. Mary Whiton Calkins was not deterred in her ambitions because she was a woman, instead she used her struggles to gain a voice and to speak out against the oppression of women during the 1920’s.

They tried to persuade her to stay, despite the fact that multiple faculty members didn't want a women to teach at a University. The faculty didn't get their way because she would give lectures in classes under Hilbert's name.

In introduction, Mary Wollstonecraft wastes no time to illustrate and sadness and disappointment with their education system and their educators. Wollstonecraft believes that men see women as wives and mistresses and not “human creatures” and that the government observes the female as inferior to male. To Wollstonecraft, the instruction of women to be beautiful and yielding to men in search for marriage leaves their minds and usefulness sacrificed. Wollstonecraft’s writings are a clear and direct cry to women to have and explore their desires as well as curiosity, and in that regards, intelligence and human character. Wollstonecraft contends that a more educated woman would bring about a happier husband, child, and society. A quote that summarizes

Harthwarth highlights the important roles that women’s colleges played in the United States since 1820 to the present. It reviews the beginning of women’s colleges, the challenges that they did throughout the years for example how women’s colleges became coeducational colleges (pg. 1). Women have suffered a large amount of discrimination or negation in attending school and pursuing a higher level of education. Fortunately, throughout the time, women are gaining more and more opportunities and spaces to develop themselves in different fields where in the past only men were accepted for example in the science, politics, and math fields. Into this article are some arguments that I do not agree with. For example, when it says that women are not

The progression of ladies in advanced education have been striking when analyzed through the perspective of history, considering the long-held, overwhelming conviction by numerous that ladies are actually mediocre compared to men. As per Ogden (2004), co-training has been hailed as one of the best triumphs in American instruction. Primarily, from any open door for advanced education amid Colonial times, ladies currently outnumber men altogether enlistment at American schools and colleges at the undergrad and graduate levels (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2006), yet Ogden (2004) takes note of that this was not generally the situation. The advancement in the domain of advanced education for ladies mirrors the modifications

Theodora Mead Abel was born September 9, 1899 in Rhode Island. Being an only child was as an advantage for Theodora, allowing her to travel frequently with her parents. Most of her childhood schooling was based in New York, but due to frequent traveling she did some of her schooling overseas. In 1917, she attended Vassar College in New York and majoring in History. After meeting her future husband, she decided to expand her education at Columbia University, proceeding in a graduate program. Theodora spent a year at Institut de Psychologie in Paris. In 1923, she earned a diploma in psychology. In 1924, she earned her Master’s in Art and then in 1925 obtained her doctorate from Vassar.

I remember first learning about Mary Whiton Calkins in my high school psychology class. I admire Calkins because I feel that she was a pioneer not only for female psychologists, but also for the improvement of women’s rights in general. Unfortunately, I feel that many of her achievements in both the field of psychology and women’s rights are usually overlooked. Mary was invited to attend psychology classes at both Harvard University and Clark University. However, when she attempted to gain permission to attend regular seminars at Harvard, she was denied access. Psychologists such as William James and Josiah Royce fought for her right to attend these classes, and she eventually enrolled. As a form of protest, some male students dropped out

For instance, she pursued a degree in psychology because she wanted to create order in the lives of people whose lives were very chaotic similar to hers in the past. While at the

When looking at a timeline of the study of psychology, one can easily see how far we’ve come. The interest in this field goes back to first century, but the curiosity of this subject became relevant in the nineteenth century. The nineteenth century has contributed many great psychologists such as Sigmund Freud, Alexander Bain, and plenty of others. Many of the ideas about the mind in the nineteenth century started the cognitive and neuropsychology revolution we know today. Many works of literature, both written in and about the nineteenth century, help one to understand why this was such an interesting field at the time. Margaret Atwood's "Alias Grace" examines the perception of doctors in the nineteenth century, comparing a fear of a doctors

Mary was an American psychologist who became the American Psychological Associations (APA) first woman president. She rightfully earned her degree from Harvard, but the university refused to give her the degree because she was a female. Because of this, Mary became a very influential person in psychology and taught many students over her teaching years at a local community college where she resided (source).

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930), an American philosopher and psychologist, was a pioneer in the growing field of psychology. In a time when women were excluded from her profession, and limited their in education options, she made significant contributions to psychology, especially in the study of memory, dreams, color-number Association, and the self. Calkins was one of the first women to receive a Harvard education and qualify for a Ph.D (Women In Psychology). However, Harvard denied her a Ph.D. because of her gender. Calkins did not let the injustice of society hinder her. She had a fruitful career and was famous for being the first woman to become president of the APA. This article will discuss Whiton’s humble family beginnings, the

When we study the history of psychology one might assume there were minimal female contributors, but that is a big misconception. Women in the past struggled with discrimination and many hurdles to gain recognition for their work. Women psychologists have gone largely unrecognized, unappreciated, and almost unseen to historical accounts. The lack of acknowledgement for women psychologists in today’s study takes away from the comprehensive study to our generation. It is exceedingly important that we receive a well-rounded education of all the great psychologists in history and not only the male founders. The following women I will discuss mention only a few who have made an influence in psychology.

Margaret was pushing her career to limits during a period in American history when women were excluded from many academic programs and did not hold prestigious positions. This was a reason she never married. Women who married during this American period who worked in the academic field would be expected to resign their position upon marriage. Not marrying put Margaret at advantage over other women psychologist who did marry. This allowed her to hold numerous positions during her career, becoming a well respected teacher and researcher. Margaret positions were assistant professor of the Department of Psychology, professor of psychology, philosophy, and ethics, lecturer for social, animal psychology, and undergraduate psychology professor. Not only did she hold different positions through

A woman with many attributes in the Psychology field is out of the ordinary, but Karen Horney did just that. She paved the way for women around the world to make it far in life. Karen did her best to prove that women do make a difference in the world and can be just as beneficial as men. Starting out she was forced to live a life of depression and struggle, but unlike most she turned it into a future (Boeree, 2012). Living her life on the path of discovery, Horney wanted to work out different ways for people to cope with life struggle, rather than push them aside (Boeree, 2012). This lead to her studies in psychoanalysis and neurology, which would give her the fame and structure that was needed to make a life for herself and those whom