Masculinity-Femininity In Australia

The United States scored a 62 while Canada scored a 52 in this value, meaning that the United States masculinity is high compared to that of Canada. The United States score of 62 indicates that our society is “driven by competition, achievement and success with success being defined by the winner or best-in-the-field” (Hofstede, 2015). Canada’s score of 52 indicates that “the overall cultural tone is more subdued with respect to achievement, success and winning” (Hofstede, 2015).The United States strives to be the best with a “live to work attitude” while Canada shows balance between “work-life balance and are likely to take time to enjoy personal pursuits, family gatherings and life in general” (Hofstede,

Historical Stereotypes of Australian Masculinity in the Film 'Two Hands and Strictly Balloon' “Film is a powerful player in the construction of national identity. In Australian films, men embody particular masculinities such as rugged practicality and anti-intellectualism, ruthless independence against all odds, and a willingness to die. These masculinities have been embellished and perpetuated in film histories as the ideal held as the standard for imitation” Introduction =

Hofstede uses the words masculinity and femininity to refer to the degree to which masculine or feminine traits are valued or revealed (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel). The United States rates as a moderately masculine. Countries that favor masculinity stress equity, competition, and performance(Yates). They also strive for material success and expected to respect whatever is big, strong, and fast. France values femininity and stress equality, solidarity, and quality of work life (Yates). A feminine worldview maintains that men can assume nurturing roles while promoting sexual equality. One major difference in masculine/feminine cultures is the role of the woman in the workplace and at home. Feminine societies expect women to work and often provide the necessary social support systems. Although the United States is more masculine than France both countries treat females as equals.

Australian families have experienced many significant changes over the past 6 decades. These changes consequently resulted in equality of opportunities, and conditions for women in the labour force. Along with the willingness of most men to become voluntarily involved in core household work, as well as taking on a greater role with respect to childcare. This essay will discuss two significant changes in gender roles, and will examine some of the positive and negative impacts it had on Australian society over the past six decades. On the one hand, Australian federal and state governments passed several new laws and legislations which resulted in an increased participation by women in the labour force. These legislative changes provide many

‘Women produce children; women are mothers and wives; women do the cooking, cleaning, sewing and washing; they take care of men and are subordinate to male authority; they are largely excluded from high-status occupations and from positions of power.’ (Haralambous and Holborn 1995, Sociology Themes and Perspectives, HarperCollins Publishers) These stereotypes have come from our past and have now become quite frequently used in today’s society. Women have been seen as the maintainers of the household while the men go out to work and earn a living. “When our ancient ancestors switched to hunting as a way of life, the relationship between males and females was dramatically

One of many examples, an under representation of woman in institution of power, a misogyny, is that of Australia’s first woman Prime Minister Julia Gillard. In the course of her employment, the prime minister was harassed just because she was a woman, in ways that that did not apply to her male colleagues. She was a victim of gruesome and mean comments, and much of this abuse came via email and social media. She was vilified and denigrated by the Federal Opposition, the Media and by many ordinary citizens. She was not even accorded the respect of being addressed by her last name, especially in the media. No other previous ministers were subjected to this disrespect. These virulent attacks on her questioned her integrity and had a huge impact

"It's the politics of fear and division and, Ms Hanson, you are incredibly good at it."

The Australian culture is to value independence as well as equality in gender expectations. There are no clear gender-role expectations regarding independence and Australia does not have a feminine or masculine dominated culture. Women and men are allocated traditional gender roles within Australian society, which is to act out the masculine or feminine behaviours as constructed by the Australian culture. Femininity is associated with traits such as compliant, cooperative, forgiving, intuitive and understanding. Masculinity in generally associated with traits such as assertive, decisive, egocentric, logical and practical. The Australian culture is one of person-oriented families, which are families which value equal power

Domestic abuse is a phenomena that can happen to anybody, no matter their age, gender, education, socio-economic level or their sexual orientation and is recognised by the Australian government as behaviour that is violent, threatening, coercive, controlling or intended to cause fear (Phillips and Vanderbroek, 2014). This essay will argue that the contempory social construction of masculinity in Australian society contributes to domestic violence. This essay also argues that there is a common view that the government has a responsibility to address the high rates of domestic abuse. This essay will discuss how gender roles, globalisation, history and the patriarchy affects domestic abuse and how the government helps both the victims and the

Male gender roles in contemporary media that are negatively portrayed through masculinity greatly effects the physical, psychological, and behavioral image of men. The social construct of masculinity in society and its relationship to males is generally reflected in male media consumption. The popular concept of women’s feminine image in the media is vastly overshadowed and more predominantly acceptable in subtle society in comparison to male’s image of masculinity.

Australian families have experienced many significant changes over the past 6 decades. For women these changes consequently resulted in equality of opportunities, and conditions in the labour force. Along with the willingness of most men to become voluntarily involved in core household work, as well as taking on a greater role with respect to childcare. This essay will discuss two significant changes in gender roles, and will examine some of the positive and negative impacts it had on Australian society over the past six decades. On the one hand, Australian federal and state governments passed several new laws and legislations which resulted in an increased participation by women in the labour force. These legislative changes provide many more

Generally, there are not as many documented physical abuse cases for men as there are for women. According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline (2014), men are less likely to seek help when it comes to physical abuse. “1 in 4 women (24.3%) and 1 in 7 men (13.8%) aged 18 and older in the United States have been the victim of severe physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime” (National Domestic Violence Hotline, 2014). The stigma revolving around masculinity and how society views men teaches them not to express their feelings and see themselves as victims. The common stereotype is that men are seen as the abusers and women are seen as victims, therefore men who express their feelings are seen as weak and incapable of being a “man”.

The world average for the Masculinity Dimension is 50, with both the United States and Australia having a higher ranking. Traits associated with masculinity are assertiveness, material success, and individual achievement. The female population has adapted these traits and begun to shift toward a more traditional male role, with an increasing number of women continuing to enter the workforce. The direct communication style of the United States illustrates the masculine traits. The U.S. places heavy emphasis on getting their point across rather than getting to know those they are doing business with. This dimension is closely related to both countries’ rankings in the individuality dimension.

How is gender and gender roles socially constructed? Soulliere states that gender is a cultural creation that is frequently developed by and represented through popular cultural media such as advertisements, music, sports, and entertainment television (Soulliere 2006). The article “Wrestling with Masculinity: Messages about Manhood in the WWE” by Danielle M. Soulliere (2006), examines messages about manhood revealed by televised professional wrestling (Soulliere 1). Messages concerning masculinity and manhood were investigated and compared to the cultural version of masculinity (Soulliere 2006). Soulliere’s research proves that the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) depicts messages, which supports the dominant hegemonic form of masculinity (Soulliere 2006). To further grasp and understand Soulliere’s hypothesis, we must first examine her research methods and outcomes.

“[Masculinity/ femininity] refers to the extent to which a culture values aggressiveness, competitiveness, looking out for yourself, and dominating others and nature versus gentleness, cooperation, and taking care of others and living in harmony with the natural world.” (Wood) Toula is pressured to marry a nice greek man, while her brother is expected to marry a greek virgin but does not receive the same pressure. Gus also has some expectations of Nick to partake in masculine activities unlike Toula where he is accepting of Toula wanting to take “pottery classes.” Evidence of this is when Nick is trying to show Gus his drawings for the menu and Gus completely disregards his efforts, always responding with, “Where did you get this?” And when Nick says that he drew it, Gus responds with a grunt. “Long term/ short term orientation refers to the extent to which members of a culture think about long term (history and future) vs short term (present).” (Wood) “Individualistic cultures generally rely on low-context communication style, which is direct, explicit, and detailed.” (Wood) “Collectivist cultures typically rely on a high-context communication style, which is indirect and indetailed and which conveys meaning more implicitly than explicitly.” (Wood) Gus is very oriented around the future and therefore follows along with the principles of long term orientation. Even before his children have grown old enough to date, they are already taught that Greek women are to grow up