Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Although the young man is advised by his parents to not to engage with Santiago, he is aware of the knowledge and drive that Santiago possesses. Although the Old Man is unsuccessful, Manolin recognizes the tenacity of the experienced fisherman. Due to Manolin's respect of Santiago, he truly believes that the Old Man is deserving of a successful day at sea. Furthermore, Hemingway accentuates the importance of Santiago’s three-day fishing trip far in the sea and how his actions represent his devotion. His purpose for wanting to catch a fish is not only to achieve success, but to gain respect from his town, who sees him as an unfortunate individual, before it is too late. The author characterizes Santiago as someone who never gives up and keeps fighting until he reaches his goal. He never lets anyone discourage him throughout his life and he manages to keep his head held high. Even in his existence, the old man is proud of his accomplishments thus far. One day, Santiago faces risks by sailing "too far out." At such an old age, he has little time to make something of his life and complete a valuable milestone. Santiago says to himself, saying "Now is the time to think of

“He did not truly feel good because the pain from the cord across his back had almost passed pain and into dullness that he mistrusted.”(74) Once both the fish and Santiago had reached the breaking point of conflict the story seemed to slow down in time to exemplify the adverse conditions that both characters were suffering from. The old man proves himself worthy of personal suffering with the cuts and scars on his hands and back along with all of the pulling and slipping the cords had upon his fragile body. Hemmingway shows in a big way how an out of proportioned conflict with an old fisherman and an 18 foot long marlin helps to magnify the significance of Santiago searching for his rebirth to manhood. With constant abstraction describing the fish and the sea in relation to brotherhood create interesting questions for Santiago to ponder. His rationalization for his fishing is that he was born to do it. “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” (103) Hemmingway proves that this fish represents all of Santiago’s built up tension to total the size of a gigantic marlin that is perceived as devastating but not unconquerable. The old man’s hopes and aspirations can overcome the adversity of the marlin’s size, along with the conditions of the old, hungry, and exhausted fisherman. Through outright suffering Santiago achieves a goal above his previous manhood by combating pain and

Disregarding the numerous themes found in this short novel, written by Ernest Hemingway, Santiago’s battle with his emotions versus nature is significant because this book mainly focuses on life’s personal defeats and triumphs. Santiago deliberately reconsiders his options of either freeing the marlin or capturing it and breaking his salao streak, the worst form of unlucky. He is torn as he declares to the marlin, “I love you and respect you very much. But I will kill you dead before this day ends”(54). His love and respect for the fish is masked underneath his duties as a fisherman, but his worries and sorrows for the marlin is further complicated as he battles between his love for nature and his duties. Another example of Santiago’s struggle between his profession and his emotions includes when he consoles to himself that, “The fish is my friend too,” he said aloud. “I have never seen or heard of such a fish. But I must kill him”(75). Likewise, his love for the sea and nature obscures with his

Abraham Maslow was an American philosopher who was born in the early 1990 's in Brooklyn, New York. He was one of the leading theorists that promoted humanistic psychology during his era. Maslow sought to understand what motivates and inspires individuals. He theorized that individuals possess and hold a group of motivation and incentive systems not related to plunder or insensible desires. Maslow declared that people are motivated and provoked to attain certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so on. The earliest version of Maslow 's hierarchy of needs includes five motivational needs, often viewed as hierarchical levels inside a pyramid. The five stage representation can be separated into basic needs and growth needs. The deficiency or basic needs are said to motivate and stimulate individuals when they are unmet and not fully attained. Also, the desire to fulfill and accomplish such wants and needs will become stronger the longer the duration they are denied. Once these needs have been relatively satisfied, an individual may be capable of reaching the highest level of the pyramid called self-actualization. Maslow though that self actualization is a state that exists when an individual is acting in harmony with his or her full capabilities. In Cormac McCarthy 's novel, The Road, we will examine the character 's physical journey towards self-actualization on Maslow

Psychologist Abraham Maslow created Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, a list of necessary needs in order to live with healthy mental. The levels are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Physiological deals with survival needs which include food, shelter, and water. Safety is the need to be secure from danger, a shelter or safe environment. Love is the is need for affection and belongingness, friends and family. Esteem is the personal worth, success and achievements. Self-actualization is actualizing one’s potential and what you are capable of. According to Maslow, the most important level is physiological and is needed for survival.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is used to analyze motivation of consumers, which are composed of 5 five stages. From the lowest level to the highest one respectively are physiological, safety, belongingness, ego needs, and self-actualization. (Solomon and Barmossy et al., 2006)

In Ernest Hemingway’s novel, The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago demonstrates the traits of the code hero. The Hemingway’s code hero covers the principal ideals of honor, courage, and endurance in a misfortune life. Throughout the novel, Santiago shows a contrast between opposite attitudes and values which associate his behavior with the guidelines of the code. In this case, the depiction of conflicting values, such as dignity despite humility, perseverance despite despair, and victory despite defeat are aspects that help to describe and understand the role of Santiago in the novel, and reflect the reason why this character is perfectly suited to the heroic conduct established by Hemingway.

The protagonist of Hemingway’s short story, Santiago, is a man with much pride. The reader learns that he has gone eighty-four days without any luck catching a fish. Fellow fishermen taunt him, and the parents of his former apprentice, Manolin, refer to him as,” …definitely and finally salao,” meaning the worst form of unlucky. Nevertheless, the man has undefeated eyes. Determination and his prideful heart drive him to his goal of setting out farther to sea than usual, where the big fish are, despite his fruitless streak.

While santiago is in land he is a fragile old man and depends on the boy. “The boy took the old army blanket off the bed and spread it over the back of the chair of the old man’s shoulder”.When santiago is at sea he has no one to depend on and works really hard in order to accomplish his goal of catching the marlin. “He held the line tight in his right hand and then pushed

Despite his failures, he sets out in his boat after having caught no fish for eighty-four days. Nevertheless, Santiago never loses his confidence in his fishing abilities. Hemingway describes the humble Old Man with, “His hope and confidence had never gone.”(pg 13) Ernest Hemingway goes on to say, “He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility. But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride.” (pg 13)

The deer is down, the bear is near. You’re on your own 18 miles away from the truck on the mountain. You know your gona have to work your butt off to get this deer off the mountain, before the bear decides he wants it more than you do. You have potential to ruin the meat if you don’t hurry. It’s 80 degrees outside, and your gona have to get a 300 pound animal off that mountain. Adversity defines who we are. This hunter, faced with this difficult challenge, is defined by his actions, just as Santiago, in Hemmingway’s Old Man in the Sea was as he faced his biggest challenge of his life. In this book Hemingway shows how the old man Santiago defines who he is through the hard ship of fishing, missing loved ones, and the great adventure of catching the “big one.”

It is ambiguous whether the old man succeeds or fails. At first, it seems that if Santiago has failed. “He sailed lightly now and he had no thoughts nor any feelings of any kind” (Hemingway 119). It is almost like he has lost everything that he has worked for. The old man accepts defeat as is, without mourning or grief Fortunately, after all the damage has been taken, he keeps fishing. He built some sort of relationship with the marlin, but was later broken. He has since moved on.

The marlin brings out the best in Santiago as fishing does for Hemingway. The fish and Hemingway have a connection between suffering a battle. Hemingway suffered from mental health and sadly it got the best of him. He is like the marlin, never surrendering at any cost. Hemingway believed in fighting the good fight. Whether he won or lost, he fought the best that he could. Along with the marlin and the old man. Santiago did not want to go another day without catching a fish. Fishing was his passion. Despite others calling him unlucky he fought the good fight. Suffering a hand injury and the group of sharks, he fought the best that he could. Just like the old man, Hemingway did not stop writing and continued his passion of expressing himself. He was never through as a writer. He spent almost 16 years writing this novel because he believed in it. He believed that he could do it. He was inspired by his friend Gregorio Fuentes and his dedication for fishing. Their friendship is represented through Manolin and Santiago. Manolin did not want to fish without Santiago just like Fuentes did not believe in fishing without Hemingway. It was their passion, and their friendship is more important than any fish. Although they had a love for fishing, nothing compares for the love others have for their friends. Hemingway suffered through many obstacles, but the surrounding love and his passion for writing and

Hemingway has a way of making his readers believe that the feats and strengths that his characters obtain in his novels are actually possible. Although this statement may be too critical, and maybe there is a man out there, somewhere on the coast of Cuba who at this very moment is setting out to the open sea to catch a marlin of his own. The struggle many readers have is believing the story of Santiago’s physical powers and his strength against temptation bring forward the question of whether or not The Old Man and the Sea is worthy to be called a classic. Hemingway’s Santiago brought Faulkner and millions of other readers on their knees, while to some, believed Hemingway

Throughout the book, The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway uses a writing style known as stream of consciousness which entails using uninterrupted thoughts and feelings of the main character. This writing style shows through the character Santiago while he is at sea. Santiago talks to himself which essentially correlates to how he feels at that moment. The usage of the technique stream of consciousness engages the reader into how the character feels during that moment making the reader connected to the character. Hemingway uses this technique to its fullest in the novel when the author shows Santiago talking to himself about DiMaggio and to then eventually thinking that he wanted to be the marlin.