Maslow/Bandura/Skinner - How Current Practice Is Influenced by Them

There are two forms of reinforcement that teachers use with in the classroom, positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is widely used in classroom and in educational settings, and is defined as a possible motive that increases the occurrence of a behavior in the future (Wheeler, 2010). It is also known as an environmental event that is given in response to a behavior, that increases the occurrence of that behavior (Reinforcement, 2010). Positive

A reinforcer helps strengthen a behavior (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in two ways. They both have a contingent on a response (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). Another similarity is that they both increase the chances of the behavior happening again.

Reinforcement and Punishment are used in the classroom as well as many homes for small children. Reinforcement is the technique of inspiring or authorizing a pattern of behavior which may lead to a reward. Many children do what is right because of the positive reinforcements they may receive. In the learning environment, children look forward to reinforcement such as candy, snacks, as well as stickers or other fun activities. If positive reinforcement is used in children’s households, the children look to impress their parents. Punishment is considered to be the penalty due to a poor act or performance. Punishment is considered to be a harsh way of getting children to act properly in the classroom as well as at home. Punishment in certain households may be altered or restricted due to the way that their parents have been raised or their own specific method in raising their children. Most forms of punishment are violent and may also alter the way children function as they grow older. Reinforcement should be used in the classroom as well as in homes because of the way society is built. As children grow older, society expect adults to act a certain way or face the consequences as the result. Children that are not well disciplined tend to have a rougher path as they grow older and may find life to be more challenging because they do not know how to make exceptional decisions. Children should be introduced to reinforcement as a form of discipline in order in order to prepare

Maslow proposed a hierarchy of five inherent needs that initiate and manage human behavior. They are the physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem needs and self- actualization. In the United States

According to NithyaPoornima, Hirisave, and Subbakrishna (2014), "In most countries children are considered a vulnerable group with special mental health needs" (p. 194); the correlation between mental health and child development is crucial to raising happy and healthy children. Children aged 0-5 years ' old will begin to and/or master developmental skills; these skills will include initiative vs. guilt, gross and fine motor skills, explore and test boundaries, and autonomy vs. doubt and shame. The three categories of child development include cognitive, social-emotional, and physical development; each domain utilizes activities to produce results for healthy child development.

A particular type of behavior that refers to the development of a behavior as an outcome of avoiding a certain action is called as negative enforcement (Cherry, 20110. For

I agree with the concept of reinforcement. This concept is found on page 297 (9th Edition). There are two types of reinforcements, positive and negative. A reinforcer is a response that follows a behavior to increase that behavior. Growing up, my parents gave me an allowance for completing chores around the house. This reinforced me to always complete my chores on time so that I could get my allowance.

Positive reinforcement: Positive reinforcement is when the probability of a behavior being repeated increases due to being followed by a preferred stimulus (Shepard & Linn, 2015, p.123). It is important because it gives students an incentive to behave appropriately and is effective lowering inappropriate behaviors in the classroom.

These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as doe’s involvement in social, community, or company.

Maslow explored this idea of needs and their relevance, and created his now very known, hierarchy of needs. Maslow arranged five broad layers of needs: physiological needs, needs for safety and security, needs for love and sense of belonging, needs for esteem, and need to actualize one self.

Positive reinforcement is the adding of an item to increase a certain behavior or response. If you give someone two dollars for every time you saw them smiley and they would smile every time they see you and that is positive reinforcement. It’s interesting to me because I can use it on my siblings to get them to read a book for just an hour and kids now a days just want to play video games or watch television all day. Positive reinforcement is useful because it can

That is, positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated and negative reinforcement motivates behaviour by leading to the avoidance of the undesired behaviour. One such example of a reinforcement theory is Herzberg’s motivational-hygiene theory. “Herzberg 's findings revealed that certain characteristics of a job are consistently related to job satisfaction, while different factors are associated with job dissatisfaction” (Mindtools.com, 2013):

What is the operant conditioning theory? The operant conditioning theory supports the idea that learning is responsible for the change in behavior. One of the most widely known operant conditioner is B. F. Skinner. He believed that the essential learning principles in operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. According to (Troutman & Alberto, 2017), B.F. Skinner began testing this theory by working on animals, preferably white rats and sometimes pigeons. In 1963, Skinner explained while he was in the military, “he and his colleagues began to train the pigeons to perform various behaviors” (Troutman & Alberto, 2017). This began Skinner’s preliminary approach to studying human behavior. My goal is to briefly describe the operant conditioning theory, the theorist B.F. Skinner and his beliefs, and then connect how my case study is related.

When Abraham Maslow first came up with his theory of “hierarchy of needs”, he urged that our most basic needs must be met before self-actualization. Maslow came up with a triangle of our basic human needs and I thought it would be appropriate to touch basis first on these basic needs before self-actualization occurs. First, on the bottom of the triangle he lists our physiological needs and they are breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, and excretion. Second and working our way up the triangle is our safety needs and these needs are security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, and property. Third, in the middle of the triangle is our love and belonging needs. These needs include friendship, family, and sexual intimacy. Fourth, is our esteem needs and these are self-esteem, confidence, achievement, and respect of others. Last and on the top of the triangle is the self-actualization needs and these include morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, and acceptance of facts. From the bottom, it starts with our most basic human needs and it works its way up to more in depth ones, where self-actualization is on the top of the triangle (http://www.pursuit-of-happiness.org/history-of-happiness/abraham-maslow/).

Maslow says that the basic needs include air, food, drink, shelter, warmth and sleep. Maslow sees these needs as vital to human being in order for the human to survive. Maslow sees basic needs as the most important needs that need to be met for all human beings.