Mass Incarceration Is An Important Topic Because It Has

When you think of mass incarceration it is imperative to look at the causes that affect minorities. One major thing that produced an increase in mass incarceration is the war on drugs. The war on drugs has impacted minorities in a major way. The war on drugs pushed policymakers to structure laws that were targeting underprivileged individual mainly minorities group. In addition, “The deinstitutionalisation of people with mental illnesses, and punitive sentencing policies such as three-strike laws (mandating life imprisonment for third offences of even relatively minor felonies) and mandatory minimum sentences for specific offence, even for some first0time offenders undoubtedly helped to both launch mass incarceration and keep it going” (Wilderman, & Wang, 2017, p. 1466). The war on drugs came during a time when crack cocaine became widespread in the black community. The popularity of crack cocaine became prevalent and accessible for many low-income individuals. Therefore, the high rate of crime that was induced by the crack epidemic forced many jobs to leave the communities. However, the structuring of laws put more emphasis on crack cocaine than powder cocaine. Not to mention, crack cocaine is prevalent in minority communities, and powder cocaine is present in the majority community. According to Martensen (2012), “Not only does this deny accessible goods and services to local residents, it likewise decreases the local job opportunities available for community members” (p. 214). Consequently, many African American called on the police to take action against the same people that looked just like them. Crutchfield, & Weeks (2015) states, “Some of the changes during this period of increased incarceration that disadvantaged people of color coming into the justice system were implemented with the help and support of African American political leadership” (p. 109). Therefore, lawmakers had to come up with a solution to address the issue. Law-makers created laws that put emphasis on arresting drug dealers for selling drugs. These small-time drug dealers were becoming a hazard to the community. However, the laws begin to cause harm to all that looked brown or black whether

 Racism is a big flaw in our criminal judicial system, just the fact that at least one out three African American males is expected to go to prison shows that racism plays a big part in mass incarceration. African Americans make up a majority of the prison’s population than any other race. Poor and segregated locations are more closely spectated and followed by police officers than wealthy locations because, they expect poor segregated area to be more dangerous because of the people who live there and how the environment around them looks like. Police officers should not discriminate people because, of their status and/or skin color. For example, in the book, “To Kill a Mockingbird” Atticus Finch proves the innocence of Tom Robinson a

In his book “Punishment and Inequality in America” Western discusses the underlying racial disparities that have lead to a mass incarceration in the United States. He states that incarceration rates have increased by a substantial amount. The race and class disparities viewed in impromesment are very large and class disparities have grown by a dramatic amount. In his book he argues that an increase in mass incarceration occured due to a significant increase in crime. The increase in mass incarceration can also be correlated with urban street crime that proliferated as joblessness in inner-city communities increased (Western, 2006). He also states that an increase in incarceration rates may be due to the changes in politics and policy which have intensified criminal punishment even though criminal offending did not increase. Although these are substantial reasons as to why incarceration has increased significantly in the US there are many underlying issues. The incarceration rates amongst young black men have increased the most in the United states, black men are more likely to go to prison than white and Hispanic men (Western, 2006). This may be largely due to factors such as unemployment, family instability, and neighborhood disorder which combine to produce especially high rates of violence among young black men in the United States (Western, 2006). A rise in incarceration rates may also be largely due to to increased drug arrests which represent the racial disparity.

Certain law enforcers with racist ideals will sometimes exploit their position of power unfairly to target black Americans, or “racially profile”. In some cases, especially in conservative states, it’s been known for police departments to advise their officers to suspect race in a key element of determining criminal activity. This detrimental generalization based on race has snowballed out of control, taking to events like the War on Drugs (find an article on the war on drugs and racial discrimination within to support your assertion).

More people have been locked up in the United States than any other country. In the article “Prison Industrial Complex Economics”, it states, “the United States has approximately 6.5 million people under the criminal justice supervision. Incarcerated rate has grown from 176 in 1973 up to 700 in the year of 2000” (Waquant). Incarceration is a big business that feeds into drug violence, corrupted guards, and racism in criminal justice system, taxpayer cost, and racism in the criminal system and through privatization of prisons.

Mass Incarceration in the United States has been a large topic of choice because rapid growth in the prison and jail populations, the long sentences the inmates face, and the inability for some inmates to incorporate themselves back into society. Since the 1970’s the U.S. prison population quadrupled from 158 to 635 people per 100,000, causing the U.S. to gain the title of country with the highest incarceration rate. (Massoglia, Firebaugh, & Warner, 2013, p. 142; Muller, 2012) As the growth of the U.S prison and jail population rapidly increased, so did the growth of the three major contributors to that population – African Americans, Hispanics, and whites – with African American and

31,928 incarcerated in Maryland prisons and jails (The Sentencing Project, n.d.). More than 2.3 million people incarcerated nationwide (Peter Wagner, Bernadette Rabuy, 2017). The United States makes up about 5% of the world’s population but has 21% of the world’s prisoners (NAACP, n.d.) – quite astonishing statistics considering that forty years ago, there were only about 350,000 people in prison (Alexander, Michelle, 2014). This phenomenon is called mass incarceration. Mass incarceration is an ongoing issue created by the War on Drugs, crime, and institutionalized racism.

There are more than two million people incarcerated in the U.S, whether it is in jails, prisons, or immigration detentions and the race with the highest percentage of locked up people are blacks. For many years, black men have always been at top of the list for going to prison during their lifetime. Following black men would be the Latino males, then white males, and so forth. Of course minorities are arrested more than whites. This is because they get off way easier with police officers and the law. Blacks have it the hardest where they get pulled over for any and everything. Most of the time they get killed for doing absolutely nothing wrong. Everyone is supposed to be treated fair, but police officers have their own motto for that. “Once arrested, they are more likely to be convicted; and once convicted, they are more likely to face stiff sentences.” (Knafo, 2014). I feel this quote is referring to blacks because police find anything to arrest them for just to be able to send them into court and convict with anything they could possibly think of. After they find something to convict them with, they face sentences that were never supposed to be given in the first place, leading to unnecessary lawyers and money wasted trying to get them out. For the people who are sent to prison for a real conviction, it usually has to do with making, distributing, or using drugs. “We find

In the U.S. many people may argue that racial disparity is non-existent in today’s time. Those people usually are ignorant to the fact that even though america has come a long way they still have so far to go. From the slavery days, to segregation, to now, a time where a white and black person can sit down together in the same setting and be civilized is great, but if the two get into an illegal situation and both have to be put on trial, who will be the one that is cruelly convicted? Who sentencing will have more time? The Black man, in all cases this may not be true, but in most cases it is. So therefore, even though america came a long way there still needs to be an improvement in their legal system because African-Americans

Our justice system advocates a tough on crime perspective. Society has named those who are innocently incarcerated as predatory criminals, giving them that label has made us separate ourselves from them. Most of the “criminals” that are incarcerated are poor black or Hispanic men. This is an example of how much racial disparities exist in mass incarceration. According to Bruce Western, one in three African Americans will be incarcerated at one point in their life. There has always been a stigma in our country toward black men. Society in our country has always seen them as the outsiders, denying them jobs. There is also a link between failure in education and imprisonment. According to Bruce Western, sixty percent of black males that drop out of high school will experience incarceration before they reach thirty-five. Sixty percent is a large number, this is more than half. Prison is designed to keep crime under control, however, those who get thrown into prison are charged with crimes that they don't commit. Black men are often targeted because of the racial bias in our criminal justice system. We see it all the time in movies, in books, on media. The Black Lives Matter Movement started because all this racial bias has been given a platform on social media. Michelle Alexander labels mass incarceration “The New Jim Crow” because of how often or criminal justice system is racist against black men. However, black men are not the only ones being targeted, Hispanics are also being targeted. Tony N. Brown, a professor of sociology at Rice

I just want to take a second and have all of you guys close your eyes and think, think about you walking down the street drinking Dutch bros and your stopped by a police officer because of the color of your skin. How would you feel, (pick another person at random). Ok so imagine the people that have been victim to this, men and women of color who were stopped frisked, beaten and thrown into jail. Or the families who have lost love ones to corrupt, ignorant police officers. It’s sad. And it happens on nearly an everyday basis. Actually, a black man or black woman are killed about every 28 hours by law enforcement. Now isn’t that heartbreaking. Studies are shown that the legal system targets black and Hispanic men and women, and their communities. Another thing is that black and Hispanic people are given harsher punishments than white people for the same or similar offences. This study has been proved accurate multiple times. A 2012 research from washingtonpost.com that white people comprise about 62% of the U.S population and are victim of 49% of fatal police shootings. And black people comprise about 13% of the total U.S population and are victim to approximately 24% of all fatal police shooting. Black men and women have 2.5x more chances of being shot and killed by law enforcement and 5x more chances of being shot and killed if unarmed. 14% of monthly drug users are

The United States is said to be the largest jailers in the world. Holding roughly 5% of the world’s population, the U.S. alone holds about 25% of the world’s total prison population (Lee, 2015). As the class has learned repeatedly in senior seminar, the prison population in the U.S. is overwhelmed and overcrowded. The class has also learned that the War on Drugs is a huge contributing factor for the increase of mass incarceration, but is that the only contributing factor? My theory to the mass incarceration rates in the United States is correlated with racial profiling. Nearly 2.3 million people are incarcerated in the U.S., of that population; 1 million are African Americans alone and one in six black men have been incarcerated since 2001

population, they account for 29% of arrests, 38% of prisoners in state and federal facilities, 42% of death penalty cases, and 37% of executions (Crutchfield, D. Robert & Fernandes,April & Martinez, Jorge 2010). The “land of the free” is home to mass incarceration and 2,306,200 million prisoners in the world. The system did not become broken overtime but rather it was built that way from the very beginning. The minorities mainly the African Americans have always been victims of oppression throughout history beginning with slavery and it continued to happen in our own constitution. Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. worked very hard to have white individuals understand that blacks were just as human as they were and they deserved to have rights as well as other Americans as it said in our own constitution, but to have voiced such leadership in the black community was frowned upon and needed to be shut down very quickly. This topic of discussion can be argued on either side of the spectrum but we all know deep down the injustice that there is in our criminal justice system. “History is not stuff that happens by accident, we are the products of the history our ancestors choose, if we were white. If we are black we are products of the history that our ancestors did not choose for us” (Averick, Spence & Barish, Howard & DuVernay, Ava,

It is a known fact in America that if you break the law you have a chance of being arrested and sent to prison. And automatically you would assume that people who do the same crimes would get arrested at the same rate and would receive the same sentencing because that is what’s fair. But, somehow America has found a way to arrest non- white citizens at a higher rate than white citizens even though they commit the same crimes. All throughout American history people of color have been oppressed and controlled in horrible ways, but since things such as slavery and segregation have been made illegal, America has found a different way to do this. Statistics show that people of color are arrested at a higher rate than white people, this occurs

It may seem that incarceration rates are high for minorities at the federal level, but the rates are even higher at the state levels. African Americans are 5.6 times, and Hispanics are 1.8 times more likely to be incarcerated than whites. Young African American and Hispanic males are leading incarceration rates for robbery, drug offenses, followed by murder and nonnegligent manslaughter. Whites show a significant lower number than of the Hispanics and blacks for the violent crimes, but lead incarceration rates for rape and sexual abuse. Whites also exceeded minorities in property crime (108,560), compared to blacks (78,197) and Hispanics (38,264) (E. Ann Carson and Daniela Golinelli, 2013). The demographics show that young minority males are being incarcerated at higher rates for majority of the main crimes