Mass Media, Legislation And Education Play Critical Roles Essay

Mass media Mass media is the way of communication to provide the information and technology and news, mass media means technology it is reached in form of audio and video and also in the hard copy the most common way the newspaper, magazines, radio, internet, and television now a days the internet is the most powerful way of the mass media communication it is providing now a day social news and politically but we know well newspaper is also most of the way to provide the information to every person because more than person live village so some of the villages don't have internet connection so there is only newspaper is the way of mass media So the mass media have important role in every field but we are discussing here mass media roll in health care and higher education these two field are very important for every human now a days we are growing very fast like that more European country and American country has developed his country people well educated and well smart for every work but we should know that how they developed they were before 50 years same in position compare to Asian and African country so the main role was for awareness the every people of mass media nowadays in our life mass media always play good role because it always take the minimum time for providing information to each other Smartwatch, radio, a mobile phone such as like that Samsung and apple cell phone and news website —contribute to the way of the media in daily life. in now days we are seeing

While writing an essay about the 1994 genocide in Rwanda utilizing writings from the play Maria Kizito and the script from the motion picture Hotel Rwanda I found more data by writers who wrote journals and articles that explained particular areas I had interest in. These journals and articles discuss with more detail Rwanda’s History, the history of the Hutu and the Tutsi tribes, Colonialism as the catalyst for genocide in Rwanda. The area this paper will focus on is the role of the media during that time. My goal in this paper is to expand what I read from the course about Genocide in Rwanda into a larger discussion about how media and more specifically radio played a significanant role in inciting violence against the Tutsi. To achieve this goal, I have organized my paper into three main sections beginning with a brief synopsis of the event, the origin of the Tutsi and Hutu tribes and the role of European Colonialism played as the root cause of their social indifference. In conclusion, the third area which talks about the role of media and how it was use to induce a violent eruption of mass killings against the nation 's minority, the Tutsi which explains the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.

On the 7th of April 1994, Rwanda experienced the first signs of genocide when the Hutu's used radio signals to send out. hate messages such as “cockroaches”, and “rats”, towards Tutsis.1 Hutus started to send radio signals throughout Rwanda because a day earlier, Rwandan President Juvenal Habyairmana’s private plane was shot down. Since Habyairmana was a Hutu and the perpetrators of his death were unknown, this allowed the Hutus to blame this horrific crime on the Tutsis. After 100 days of Habyairmana’s death, almost one million Tutsis were killed.2 The mass killings in Rwanda were known as the Rwandan genocide. The blame for the Rwandan genocide should not only be placed upon the Hutus, but the Belgian colonists should be blamed for the genocide; due to their acts of colonizing Rwanda in 1918 to improve imperialism, which caused the death of more than one million Tutsis.3

Imagine being able to receive breaking news at just the click of a button. It seems impossible that anyone could tune into a news station and learn endless facts about people that they have never heard of, or even met. For the citizens of the United States, this is an amazing everyday reality. America has evolved into a society where information is accessible at any time. Thanks to the help of the media, Americans have become almost completely omniscient. In times of crisis or celebration, citizens used to have to rely on others to keep them informed. However, now all American citizens have access to all different types of news. Whether they like it or not, the American people

Propaganda for the Rwanda Genocide began when the RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) invaded Rwanda in 1990. Thus, the Hutu Power Movement began. A group of government officers and officials began a magazine called “Kangura”, which spread anti-Tutsi propaganda. The Hutu Ten Commandments, which were published in the Kangura, was an example of racist guidelines for the Hutus if they ever came into contact with a Tutsi. By 1990, the Rwandan army began arming its civilians with swords and clubs under the pretense of self defense. These weapons became the main tools used in the genocide. After the ceasefire between the Rwanda government and the RPF in 1992, Hutu extremists in the Rwandan government and the army began to plot against the President in fear of allowing the Tutsis to participate in governmental issues. The extremists began a new radios station named “Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLMC), which broadcasted racist propaganda against Tutsis. Hutu extremist leaders also staged or reported false events to convince the Hutu population that the Tutsis were accomplices of the RPF. (Propaganda and Practice) The Holocaust, on the other hand, utilized many more ways of propaganda.

In 1994, over the course of a hundred days, the Hutu government of Rwanda and its ally extremists nearly succeeded in exterminating the country's Tutsi population. The ethnically motivated violence resulted in the loss of over 800,000 innocent lives. Unlike previous genocides, the Rwandan genocide unfolded before the eyes of the national media. Journalists, television news reporters, and radio broadcasters covered the events live from Rwanda as the rest of the world stood by and watched in silence. The RTLM radio station (Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines), run by Hutu extremists, played a significant role in the uprising of the racially charged atmosphere that fuelled the genocide. Immaculée referred to RTLM as “a radical hate machine that spewed out anti-Tutsi venom” (Ilibagiza, 2014, p.37). Not only did they refer to the Tutsis’ as "cockroaches" and explicitly threaten

Media influence also played a large role in the Rwandan War. Radio stations were used to rally members together and inflict pain on the

During the 1994 genocide, propaganda played a vital role in converting moderate Hutus to join the extremist Hutu side. The main source for such propaganda was two radio stations, Radio Rwanda and Radio Television des Milles Collines, also known as RTLM. Radio Rwanda was owned by the government and under the second Arusha Accord, it was banned from spreading hate propaganda. In result, RTLM was formed and became “immensely popular as a young, hip alternative to the official voice of the government. It played popular music, and encouraged the public to phone in and participate in radio broadcasts” (“Rwanda Radio Transcripts”). This station attracted unemployed youth and interhamwe militia. From October 1993 to late 1994, Hutu extremists used

“The Tutsis are collaborators with the Belgian colonists. They stole our land. They whipped us. Now they have come back, these Tutsi rebels. They are murderers. They are cockroaches. Rwanda is our Hutu Land. We must squash the infestation. This is RTLM, Hutu Power Radio. Stay Alert. Watch your neighbors. (Hotel Rwanda).” This is a part of one of the broadcasts Radio Télévision des Milles Collines (RTLM) used to transmit hate propaganda to the state of Rwanda. From October 1993 to late 1994, the RTLM advanced fearmongering ethnic distinctions and misinformation to maintain the climate of fear during the genocide; it defined the Tutsis as enemies and distorted the line between the RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) and domestic Tutsis. Essentially, the RTLM was a facilitator of genocide; it was able to create a dehumanizing discourse - a discourse that procured Hutu participation in the mass killings and provided the legitimacy for Hutu perpetrators to kill the Tutsis and moderate Hutus. But the RTLM not only mobilized the Hutu in an organized and coordinated campaign against the Tutsis, it also mobilizes the conversation about the role media plays in and against any large scale massacre.

America was founded on the values of hard work, discipline, and perseverance. These values have guarded and honored by millions of Americans from the pioneers out west to the farmers in the heartland and to the soldiers across the sea. However, the older society in America gets the softer people become. The people have forgotten these values of hard work, discipline, and perseverance. The U.S. is now a “snivelization.”

The amount of control the United States has over international media and how their media affects the norms in an international country are just two of the many criticisms raised against media ownership. From Walmart, McDonalds, and Disney there is no denying the influence of the US across the world. The US is considered to be the world's superpower and it is one of the core nations. Core nations during this information age are known for being technically advanced. As discussed in Module 7, the United State control a huge portion of the foreign sales in the global communication market. Among the ten largest global media corporations, the United States has four- Time Warner, Disney, Viacom, NewsCorp, and Comcast/NBC Universal. These American

Not only is the interest of the owners of large companies pushed out to the public, but also the interest of the companies who pay these media companies in advertising to citizens to sell their goods. Advertising is an important influence in what the public sees in media and has a direct influence on the public’s interest in the product (Rinallo, Basuray; 2009). Companies such as Nike and Coca-Cola can pay networks such as ABC and FOX large sums of money to advertise their companies through their programing. As Herman and Chomsky explain, networks such as ABC and FOX are selling their audience to these companies (1988). Media outlets such as FOX News depends on funding to make a profit and since there is no system in place where the funds

The radio station, Radio-Télévision Libre des Milles Collines, was the most influential form of propaganda. During broadcasts, the Hutus lowered the importance of Tutsis by referring to them as cockroaches and tall trees (“Rwandan Genocide Facts” 1). The station would daily say, “You cockroaches must know that you are made of flesh! We won’t let you kill! We kill you!” (Coleman 5) Furthermore, RTLM radio would broadcast the names of specific people that they wanted to be killed and announced when the murder had been accomplished (“Rwandan Genocide Facts” 1). The newspaper, called “Kangura,” was another powerful voice of hate that helped influence Hutus to join in the murder of the Tutsis (Coleman 4). Propaganda was perhaps the most effective element of the Hutus’ plan to eliminate the Tutsis (Coleman

The radio was utilized to not only list the location of specific Tutsis to be targeted, but to also justify the genocide. Radio hosts discussed discrimination the Hutus suffered under the power of the Tutsis. Strong connotations describing Hutus as slaves during colonization painted the Rwandan genocide as a type of slave rebellion. Radio stories were used to anger the Hutus and channel that anger into action. Radio was also used to dehumanize Tutsis by calling them “cockroaches,” making acts of violence against them seem less inhumane.

The Role of Media in the Society Media has always played a huge role in our society. For a long time media was one of the methods of controlling people and leisure. In ancient times when there was no newspapers and television, people used literature as source of information, some books like "the Iliad", and different stories about great kings, shows those people the information about them. Nowadays media is one of the main part of our lives and our society, because we use word media, to combine all sources of information. Average man is spending 4 hours a day on watching TV and reading newspapers.