Masters Program : System Control And Mechatronics

1. System Thinking: System thinking is nothing but instead of focusing on only one particular issue, we have to analyze and try to understand the entire system on the whole. With this kind of analyzation, we can easily find a solution to the problem as the problems are not confined to only a particular area or time. We might find a solution for a particular issue, somewhere in the whole system by analyzing the entire system completely. We should try to relate the actions and the consequences on the whole as the issues occur at different time levels, not confined to only one particular time level. We have to have knowledge of the relation between different departments of an organization and the relation between them and the functionality between the departments as to how they are related in an organization. We generally focus on only one particular issue rather than seeing the bug picture and that shouldn’t be done. In system thinking we analyze the big picture.

A system is “A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole” (robbins 2006), and Systems theory is the

With today’s fast moving pace there are many challenges we face that demands more non-linear system thinking instead of cause and effect linear thinking. In The Fifth Discipline, Peter Senge stated, “system thinking is a discipline for seeing wholes,” rather than reacting to a specific part or event. System thinking involves shifting from the linear to non-linear thinking and/or the rational to the intuitive or thin-slicing type decisions. System thinking is

In order for any organization to be successful, they must find effective ways to change systems and policies that are ineffective in creating a successful environment. A system consists of four things, elements, attributes, internal relationships, and the system environment. The systems theory is transdisciplinary study of the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence (Heylighen & Joslyn, 1992). The study investigates all the principals common to all complex bodies, and the models which can be used to describe them. Von Bertalanffy (1971) was the creator of the “system” concept, he developed this idea as an answer to the limitations of individual disciplines in addressing complex social issues (Mitchell, 2005). The underlining principal of this theory is that an organization consists of multiple, interdependent parts that collectively form more than the sum of their parts. Developed from the systems theory, are three separate theories with the basis of each being the systems theory. The activity theory considers the entire program versus just one single sector, it sees the operation as a whole instead of sub departments, it combines both micro and macro elements of the organization. The chaos theory does not mean a chaotic hectic situation, rather a situation where there appears to be little to no order, there really is a hidden underlying order. The complexity theory is

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Systems thinking is the capacity to see the master plan and to recognize patterns as opposed to conceptualizing change as segregated events. System thinking requires the other four orders to empower a learning organization to be figured it out. Additionally system thinking demonstrates that there is no outside that the reason for your issues at a piece of a solitary system.

Reductionism is referred as it helps in detecting the parts and indentifying the working conditions. Reductionism also supports in interconnections of network in a system. Holism is meant as alternate approach for the system thinking (ST). The main advantage of holism is it not only identifies the parts but also understands the evolution of new entities form the existing entities. Hence Holism is said to be better approach than

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Complex Systems is a new science study about what is relationship between the individual parts and how the parts emerge the collective behaviors and interact with the environment and the system (Bar-Yam, Y., 2015). If the behaviors that the system behave hard to predict, we can describe the system as a complex system. While facing the complexity, people usually senses the difficulty to have the solutions to handle the problems, it also implies that the problems in the complex system often with the high degree of difficulty. The complexity situations are full of environment around us, such as the natural environment, the economics, the social issues, politic issues and so on. The above issues are all consisting by lots different small components, the relationships and the interactions will make a significant effect to the overall system perform.

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Peter Senge and Andres Edwards expressed the importance of system thinking in that it is necessary for “understanding the dynamic complexity of a situation”, anticipating “the unintended consequences of proposed actions” and implementing “lasting solutions” (Higgins, K 2014).

An example of the importance of systems thinking in a learning organization can be seen in the automobile manufacturer Fiat Auto Company. Fiat's Direzione Technica took a systems approach to understanding the consequences of its structure on new product development. As a result, it changed the structure to establish mechanisms for simultaneous engineering. To reduce the new products' time to market, functions now work in parallel rather than sequentially. [Extracted from Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems by Edwin C. Nevis, Anthony J. DiBella and Janet M. Gould, Society for Organizational Learning (SoL), www.solonline.org]

System engineering is an involvement or combination of more than one discipline to achieve customer requirements within constraints. It develops a system which solve complex engineering problem with the contributions of different discipline perspective and produce the optimal solution in order to meet the requirements. System engineering prioritize in the customer needs and acquire functionality early in the development process[4]. It then proceeds into the design phase and validate the system as a whole complete problem[4]. System engineering incorporate all discipline and turn them into a group effort and goes from a concept to production to operation[4]. System engineering is important in a complex problem because it able to turn an initial idea into a fully descriptive system with all the essential elements integrated into a complete whole system[2]. These can then serve as a basis of decision making. In other words, it serve as a starting point to solve a complex engineering problem. It can also helps to maintain project going in the right direction in an orderly manner. Moreover, system engineering able to minimize error in a project because it considers every aspect that might affect the project and evaluate it as a whole. The term was first seen in 1940s back in the Bell Telephone Laboratories[1]. It is difficult to determine the exact origin of system engineering but many agree that it was introduce after World War II[3]. During this time both the race

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