Mastodon Bones

When we think of prehistoric things they may think of things of the past, but with the breakthrough unearthing of the Kennewick Man transformed peoples thought of prehistoric existences. The Kennewick Man or “The Ancient Man” is the name given to the skeletal remains of a man found in Kennewick, Washington on July 28,1996. A pair of bystanders accidentally found the skeleton remains of the Kennewick Man. With the discovery it has brought up many disagreements about what to do with the Kennewick man. The question now is who is really responsible for the remains of the Kennewick Man.

The peopling of the Americas “was the last great human migration, the final leg of our journey out of Africa” (Bawaya, M. How the west was won). Precisely how and when this migration occurred is presently up for debate. Accepted archaeological wisdom stated by Hetherington “suggests that the first Americans were large game hunters who migrated from northeast Asia across the Beringian land bridge ca. 12000 years BP, spreading southward through a continental ice-free corridor” (R. Hetherington et al.). Gugliotta says that archaeologists called these pioneers the Clovis, after distinctive stone tools that were found at sites near Clovis, New Mexico, in 1929 (Gugliotta, The first Americans).

The study of Native American history makes the discovery of ancient Native American art almost a given. The oldest known engraving art found in North America dates back to approximately 11,000 BC. The carving depicted a mammoth or mastodon and was engraved into a bone of an animal. Using forensic analysis and other technologies, the bone was identified as having once belonged to a mammoth, mastodon or giant sloth, which are creatures that roamed North America during the last Ice Age. The Smithsonian Institution and the University of Florida announced that the engraving was at least 13,000 years old and may be the earliest known example of art in the Americas, as well as the only Ice Age art of a proboscidean, or an animal with a trunk. A cast of the engraved fossil bone has been placed on display at the Florida Museum of Natural

To begin, the history of the first Americans has been heavily debated with support from various archeological, paleontological and genetic evidence. Specifically, since DNA analysis reveal links unavailable to other disciplines, it is able to provide additional insights in support of already known hypotheses. Similarly, it can refute these suggestions in order to help create a more accurate description of the past. For example, starting with one of the earliest questions regarding the origins of the first Native population, genetic analysis supports migration of Homo sapiens into the Americas over an evolutionary process in which Homo sapiens evolve from earlier species in the Americas. Studies of

Major problems arise from Martin's theory. Thirty-three large mammal extinctions occurred around the time of Clovis occupation, yet only two, the mammoth and the mastodon, have ever been associated with human sustenance, and even those only appear at 14 of 76 early Palaeoindian

Teams are seeded and therefore labelled for this week’s Summit League Championships in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Mastodons “earned” the 6th seed in an 8-team tournament after defeating Western Illinois in overtime, 96-92.

The Folsom Bone Pit was used in the late 1400’s by the first Americans, however it was not discovered until the 1920’s. The bone pit is located in Folsom, Mexico and it contained the bones of bison, hence the name Folsom Bone Pit. The discovery of the bone pit advanced the knowledge of the first Americans in several ways. Scholars used the discovery to uncover things such as the information on the geological conditions, the origins of the first Americans, migration into America, and why the world became so diverse when Europeans began exploring.

If the history of ancient civilizations are ever told, they are told in a few paragraphs or a page or two of a history textbook. They are considered natives that lived in harmony with nature and that not many even existed so they must not be of importance. But now, we have books that challenge the way people normally would think of these civilizations. One book is called 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus by Charles C. Mann. He challenges these ideas, but not just saying them, but by actually showing the reader evidence he, himself, has found. In order to challenge these ideas, we can analyze the origins, demography, and ecology of ancient times to realize there was life before

The same text states, “ Another site discovered by Archeologists in the mid 1920s in Folsom, New Mexico, showed evidence of human hunters that trapped and killed ice age bison.” The Indians ability to hunt an animal as large as Ice Age bison shows that the Paleo- Indians were competent.

The mastodon slaughter site on Emanuel Manis' property was found when he was burrowing through six feet of peat to make a little lake. Manis discovered two fossilized tusks that he thought had a place with

One issue with pre-Clovis sites is that no human remains have been found, the oldest directly dated human osteological remains from the Americas date to about 11,000 14C year B.P., which does not fall into the pre-Clovis timeline. But the presence of human DNA is a very significant find, one that could be as convincing as thousands of stone tools and human bones. Out of the 14 coprolites found, all of them tested positive for human mitochondrial DNA, but since they were not excavated under sterile conditions, there are doubts about the validity of the DNA. So, a group of scientists decided to test these coprolites to rule out possible contamination and evolutionary biologist M. Thomas P. Gilbert reported that out of the 14 samples, 3 of them show positive results for human DNA not belonging to the excavation team. All of the coprolites “produced consistent dates, ranging from approximately 1300 to 12,300 14C yr B.P., and three of the coprolites pre-dated 11,000 14C yr

In 1996 the Kennewick man skeleton was found that looks like a European man but has Native American features. Having the skeleton showed that it places back 9500 years ago, So the question was raised were Native American or Europeans had traveled to North America(Lauber). The Kennewick man founding had the world to understand how far the first Native Americas migrant too. (Schultz). Of this time were to believe that Native Americans were hunters, walking along with large mammoths with stone tools (Schultz). The Paleo Era wasn’t a lot of facts on what the true timing of them entering North American. As the Paleo-Indian started to build a lifestyle starting to adapt to the land. Many believed that this Era was around ice age gradually the ice begin to melt send everything into global warming stage. Native Americans had to adjust and keep moving around. With the

This claim is demonstrated by several pieces of evidence. First, weapons and tools were found in Southern Chile dating back 12,500 years ago, firmly placing the Native Americans as the earliest group to claim discovery of America. Then, in Brazil, archaeologists found a skeleton more than 11,000 years old whose facial structure matches that of the native Australians who date

timeline of modern humans, Homo sapiens, and how long they have been in existence. According to mainstream science, popular belief holds that the history of our species is confirmed to be confined to the past 12,000 years. This figure is a culmination based on what we know about evolution and what we have been able to gather through fossil analyzation and dating of artifacts as well as human remains. Although the subject of human antiquity, also referred to as human origins, does not prompt a great deal of debate there may actually be the need for some. A reexamination of the notion that humans have only existed a mere 12,000 years should be considered as there may be evidence to support a much greater antiquity of modern human life. Alternative researchers have offered up evidence of “forbidden archeology” that contradicts the mainstream beliefs of human origins, however these discoveries seem to have been swept under the scientific rug.

Professor David Lordkipanidze presented some highly interesting information regarding our ancestry as humans. He is an internationally renowned scientist and paleontologist, and it was a great privilege to hear about his work in the Dmanisi where he led the discovery and analysis of the earliest human found outside of Africa.