Mat 540 Final

Attractions between water and other molecules, which is adhesion, is also possible because of the polarity as well. In relation to hydrogen bonds, water’s high specific heat is changed when hydrogen bonds are made or broken. When a hydrogen bond breaks, heat is absorbed whereas when a hydrogen bond forms, heat is released. In addition to HSH, ice is able to float in liquid water because hydrogen bonds in ice is more structured than in water, making the ice less dense. Also, water is a versatile solvent because of its polarity, which helps it form hydrogen bonds (mentioned above). The structure of water molecules also affects the dissociation of water, where H2O breaks into H+ and OH- due to the polarity of the

Substance A and B were weighed; Substance A weighed 0.502 g and substance B weighed 0.503 g. Both substances were put into two different test tube with approximately 8 ml of DI water into the test tub. Substance A and B were stirred and B dissolved while A did not. This shows that B is soluble in water compared to A. Thus, shows that B is soluble in water than A. The reason why B is soluble in water is because it has a higher dipole moment than A. With a higher dipole moment, it shows that it is soluble in water since it is polar and the bonds were easily broken.

8. ISBN: 0-558-05245-2 Virtual ChemLab: General Chemistry, Student Lab Manual/Workbook, V. 2.5, Third Edition, by Brian F. Woodfield and

The properties of the Lloyd Max Quantisers or as they are more generally knows as non uniform pdf optimised quantisers can be shown as :

There are three types of bonds ionic,polar, and nonpolar.Ionic bonds is between metals and nonmetals where the electrons are transferred.Polar bonds are between two nonmetals and they do not share electrons equally.Nonpolar two nonmetals share electrons equally. For example of NaCl is a ionic covalent.Na is 0.9 and Cl is 3.0. Subtract 3.0 and 0.9 and the difference is 2.1 for it to Ionic it has to be greater than 1.9.Also ionic is a nonmetal and a metal.CO2 is an example of 0% of ionic. C and O are both nonmetals. Oxygen is 3.5 and Phosphorus is 2.1. This is polar because 3.5- 2.1 is 1.4 . This is an example of intermediate degree. Another way to determine if a compound is polar, ionic or nonpolar is to test the melting point ,solubility in water, and conductivity.The purpose of this lab Bonding

What is perhaps the biggest indicator that the fifth unknown compound is nonpolar is because it was able to dissolve completely in a nonpolar solvent, which is known as cyclohexane. At the end, this nonpolar substance was able to dissolve in cyclohexane as there is no attraction present between the both the cyclohexane and the unknown nonpolar substance’s

Water is a polar molecule made up of on atom of hydrogen and two atoms of

o The presence of the halogen atom (ie – Cl) on a hydrocarbon chain makes the molecule polar.

Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule, and explain what properties emerge as a result of this structure. Water is a polar molecule that can form hydrogen bonds. Four pairs of electrons in the outer shell of the oxygen atom repel one another which gives the water molecule a tetrahedral shape. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The chemical features show some properties as water, such as the ability of ice to float, the freezing and melting temperatures of water, the ability of water to store heat, the formation of water droplets, and waters ability to dissolve and not dissolve different substances.

The ChemMagic software program was used for this experiment. The compounds were tested one at a time. First was the compound butane. The draw tab was chosen on the program. Butane was then drawn in the program and the model was loaded. A 3D butane compound was projected on the screen and the optimize tab was selected. Next, the rotate bond tab was selected so that the C2-C3 bond would rotate. After the bond was selected, the bonds were then moved to rotate in intervals of 10 starting with 0 degrees. After the bond was rotated in the desired increment, the energy tab was selected and the angle and energy level was then recorded. These steps were followed for every compound each being rotated in intervals of 10 until 360 degrees was reached.

7. The nitro and bromo groups of these molecules are both electron withdrawing. Additionally, the bond between these groups and the benzene ring will be polar. In 4-bromonitrobenzene, the dipole moments caused by the nitro and bromo groups are in opposite directions, resulting in their cancellation to some extent. As a result, the dipole moment of the

The charged groups are attracted to each other, changing the dihedral angle of that bond. 7)

only 27% of the fluorine in fluorosilicate is present as fluoride - the rest is associated with

that water structure is not exactly like an ice-cage but more like a clathrate cage

Check Your Progress 1 Note : i) Use the space given below Tor y o u r answer.