Mate Analysis Essay

Clark and Hatfield helped support this by getting female and male experiments to ask male and female participants if they would like to engage in casual sex. 75% of males said yes while every female participant said no. This helps support the sexual selection theory as it shows that females have to be more careful with mating as they only have a limited amount of opportunities therefore are more likely to enter a longterm mating strategy. Males can have casual sex with little investment so are more likely to then females. This study helps to show the gender differences.

When one male group doesn’t have the luxury of having females, they form or join a group of males similar to a bachelor’s group. In some of these species, the group of males attacks the one male group in order to take his throne and seize the females (Hoglund, J. 1995). Sometimes, the females may get tired of sharing the male with the other females in the group. Hoglund recorded (1995, pg. 76) “so they seek out males from all male groups to mate with during breeding season. Such influxes occur seasonally between blue monkeys (Rowell, 1988), Hanuman Langurs (Boories et al., 1999), ring-tailed lemurs (Sussman, 1992), and sifakas (Richard 1992).” A nonhuman

In insect species with indirect sperm transfer, sperm is packed in a spermatophore that is either externally attached to the female 's genital opening or introduced into her bursa copulatrix. Sperm transfer is not immediate in these species, and consequently mate guarding has been suggested to function as a mechanism of guarding sperm until it is released from the spermatophore into the female (i.e. spermatophore guarding). Spermatophore guarding is relatively common in insect species with external spermatophores (e.g. Orthoptera; Alcock 1994; Simmons 2001), but supposedly absent in species with internal spermatophores and rapid sperm release (Simmons 2001). This study focuses on two hypothesis associated with mate guarding a tactic of many species that adjust their reproductive behaviour according to the apparent risk of sperm competition. The phenomenon of mate guard to consider sperm competition levels and evolution of internal spermatophore guard is wide spread in insects and other animals. We analyse two hypothesis one the rival exclusion followed by the next spermatophore renewal hypothesis. Results showed that as rival was introduced to the arena of mating of the distinctive original male (guard) in many cases showed a strong aggressive behaviour regardless of whether successively avert the rival. In the second hypothesis certainly majority of the incidents showed an attempt of

This study consisted of two experiments, in the first experiment they determined that the symmetry of the front legs of males was related to their rate of leg raises, this was used as a measure of male quality. They used this measure in the second experiment when they explored how Tigrosa helluo predator cues changed the males’ courtship behaviour. It was determined that predation cues did not have an effect on whether mating happened between males and females and a

Therefore, mate choice is extremely important for individuals to avoid mating with the wrong species but it also operates within a species as well. This tendency to avoid heterospecific mates is called behavioral isolation. Mate choice can be important in the evolutionary process, speciation, in which populations of conspecific diverge into separate species (Ecology and Evolution Behavior Lab Packet).

domesticus. For example, a greater level of hunger, restricted access to mates, and increased odors of females will increase and escalate the males’ aggression when fighting (Brown et al. 2007). A study done by Brown suggests that motivational symmetries change a males’ aggression. It was concluded that the solitary males initiated 80% of the aggressive behaviors during fights against males who have an unlimited access to females (Brown et al. 2007). The solitary males are more willing to increase aggressiveness in fights over mates because they will benefit more from winning. When fighting for females, solitary males have better mating success by a factor of 14:1. However, because females favor males with qualities related to good competitive skills, the males’ aggressive behavior increases to improve their reproductive

This journal describes the growth over the past couple of years in terms of research on sexual selection. It articulates the influence sexual selection play on pre- and post-copulatory selection mechanisms, such as sperm storage/utilization, courtship, mate choice aggressive competition between male species and sexual conflict. In this journal, genetic mechanisms are highlighted to address some of the recently questioned areas of pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Although all the genetic mechanisms for sexual selection are not yet known, many of the identified genes show evidence of positive selection. It showed that sexual selection leads to the rapid coevolution of male and female reproductive organs. They identified how new techniques

How we select and lose our mates has always been a source of fascination and in the article, “The Strategies of Human Mating”, by David Buss surveys college students and more than 10,000 adult males and women from 37 countries to record that in the sexual selection process, humans choose between temporary (casual) and long-term (co-parenting) and use many strategies to draw in and keep a partner. There were 9 hypotheses Buss came up with about explaining different strategies of a long term and short term relationship between men and women. The hypotheses were that short term mating is more important for men than women, men seeking a short-term mate will solve the problem of identifying women who are sexually accessible, men seeing a short-term mate will minimize commitment and investment, men seeking a short-term mate will solve the problem of identifying fertile women, men seeking a long-term mate will solve the problem of identifying reproductively valuable women, men seeking a long-term mate will solve the problem of paternity confidence, women seeking short-term mate will prefer men willing to impart immediate resources, women will be more selective than men in choosing a short-term mate and lastly women seeking a long-term mate will prefer men

Sexual Selection is a powerful evolutionary process, for those unable to attract or gain access to the opposite sex, risk being eliminated from the population (Apostolou). The theory of sexual selection was introduced by Charles Darwin in his book The Descent of Man, in which he explains, that selecting a mate is not a random process, and it is key to evolution, for it depends on which individuals have advantage over the rest of the same specie (Stanford 99). In sexual selection, males compete between one another to gain access to a mate, and females choose particular promising mates that demonstrate trait variability, so that their future offspring will have a higher chance of survival (Stanford 99). Male individuals have to demonstrate power, who can conquer the most, ability to survive and provide protection, among other characteristics that will make him the right mate for a female. And Females, must consider their options, since they want high quality genes for their future children (Angeloni 77). Therefore, as a female, I am seeking for specific characteristics in a mate, such as a lean body build, healthy white teeth, and height—he must be over 5’6. I seek for those traits in a mate to further add trait variability in my future offspring, which will help adapt, live longer, and reproduce in the future.

Mate choice involves a variety of behaviors and tasks. Female choice of mates is a key part of traditional sexual selection. Some individuals choose mates based upon things such as size and age(Leonard, 2006). There is evidence that suggests that individual organisms and species may choose their mates depending upon the amount of sperm that is released from the male. Male individuals produce more sperm with other individuals who were previously abandoned(Leonard, 2006). This suggests that some individuals prefer low sperm competition during sexual selection. It has been said that females choose mates on the basis of their mates being compatible with their own genotype. On the contrary, some male individuals don’t choose mates according to age and size. They would rather mate with females who are closer to reproduction(Galipaud et al.,2015). This could be beneficial for male organisms because regardless of the age and size of the individual that they mate with, it is an increased probability that they will have successful offspring. Mate choice may also be dependent upon direct and indirect social information(Kavaliers et al.,

What Martin finds throughout her research, is almost on the level of disturbing. Throughout her article, Martin is simply just building evidence to support her purpose. After multiple citations and careful scrutiny over the way the egg and sperm interactions were worded, she notices a very distinct trend in their diction. Her results needless to say, were what she was expecting to find when she started the research.

A lek is an aggregation of males that gather to engage in competitive displays that may entice visiting females who are surveying prospective partners for copulation. A lekking species is defined by the following characteristics: male displays, strong female mate choice, and the conferring of male indirect benefits. In David Mcdonald’s article, “Cooperative Display and Relatedness Among Males in a Lek-Mating Bird” discusses about long-tailed manakins who mate in leks and cooperate in multiyear male-male partnerships. An alpha male is responsible for virtually all mating, whereas a beta male assists in the courtship displays. Such altruism by the beta male poses a problem for evolutionary theory because most theoretical treatments and empirical

In all groups, females who had infants spent much more time close to males (and in single male groups—the silverback) for protection, which was about 2 meters in proximity, and the mean of approaching them was 0.46 times/hour. If the females did not have infants, they would spend less time with the males: their mean was cut in half, at approximately 0.23

psychological energy that may not be expendable, and can be costly for men to use (Starratt

Another evolutionary explanation of gender development is mate choice, which suggests that gender role behaviours are related to reproductive strategies. It is thought that men will look for women who are young whereas women are usually more interested in the resources of a mate. This can be explained from an evolutionary perspective as mating with a physically attractive woman