Material Use Of The Automotive Business

Introduction Automobile usage has increased in America and elsewhere in the world. In a research done by Sutherland, J., et al. (2004) “The US has a contributed to 200 million passengers in cars and light truck over the past few years. Further in 1990, studies showed that US cars increased six times faster than human population. The leaders in the automotive industry must adopt some key elements to ensure success in this fast-moving environment. They must invest in knowing their markets, building brands, adapting product strategies and taking long-term view on their goals and objectives. This paper outlines some of the key factors which should be considered. Environmental factors automotive designers and engineers have always said the main threats in the American Automotive industry are the environmental factors such as fuel economy and the clean air regulations. Automotive Emission posed different problems than manufacturing discharges such as coal smoke. Increased fossil-fuel emission has resulted from the million car increase. Irritation smog, which is comprised of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxide and other various chemical mixtures are cited in major cities such as Los Angeles. These auto emissions are also said to cause headaches, visual pollutions, contribute to lung cancers and other respiratory disease. In the end, the engineers have designed cars that are better environmental performers, cost effective and fuel efficient to reduce the environmental

As technology advances in society, so do the fields of study that utilize these updated forms of technology. Mechanical engineers have improved automobile engines based on these technologic advances. Currently, the areas where engineers are focused include enhancing the transmissions, improving batteries by changing their chemistries, decreasing the load of automobiles, and creating hybrids. With improvement to these areas, the automobile engines are able to function more efficiently while simultaneously decreasing their environmental impact.

It has an excellent strength to weight ratio obtained from heat-treatment used in its formation. The heat treatment used for this steel does not use quenching rather uses air cooling or air

Every year there is 1.3 billion tons of steel produced around the world. Steel is made in different sizes and categorized by how good the steel is, these is called grades and standards. Steel today is used in many things you wouldn’t even think of such as the armored vests policemen wear or jewelry. Stainless steel was invented in 1913 by Harry Brearley when he put 12.8% chromium and .24% carbon when the standard for steel was .12 - 2% carbon and 16 - 26% chromium. Stainless steel is used in almost all new home appliances and in Great Britain it was used for cars. Some buildings made with steel are the Chrysler building, the Empire State Building, and the Sears Tower. Another building made with tons of steel is the Burj Khalifa. It used 55,000 tons of steel to be made and at 2,717 feet it is the tallest building in the

Overall, the 1018 and 1045 steel specimens displayed similar relationships between the heat-treating procedures. The 1045 steel had a greater tensile strength in all states except for the quenched state. In general, the 1018 steel specimens were more ductile than the 1045 steel specimens in all states.

Old iron smelting places used something called bloomeries. These odd furnaces looked like beehives with an opening in the side and top. They filled these bloomeries with charcoal and iron ore. They would then pump air into the bloomeries using bellows. They'd then take the blooms of iron and strike them on an anvil over and over.They would continue to do it until the impurities were gone. This finished product was called wrought Iron. (Blacksmithing History 1. (n.d.).)

Four things were needed to make steel: time, specialists, the ability to burn hot fires, and iron.

Sample 4 demonstrated characteristics of a medium-high carbon steel. It softened during the annealing process, did not achieve a high RCh during air quenching, but proceeded to achieve a high RCh with oil and water quenches.

The steel industry is something that has been evolving and changing for the past 3 centuries in which the braced metal has been around. As we come into the modern age of mining and metal production we can find that there have been difficulties in the way of our resources are beginning to run low, mining is dangerous, we may not have enough fuel to smelt iron in the next century, and abrasive water cutters are not innovating since their introduction. In the recent wake of these events an unlikely source has been uncovered to help aid these problems and that source is the math and physics of pokemon. Pokemon is a franchise of turn based RPG games in which creatures with many crazy features fight each other for glory. Over the years pokemon has been getting crazy with what these creatures are based on and some designs and descriptions hold the key to remedying these problems with the metal industry. Currently, the metal industry, while strong, has many problems due to the shrinking of natural resources and lack of innovation. the mathematics of pokemon could lead a revolution in steel production because Excadrill design could lead to a more efficient drill, the heat given off by magmortar is enough to create a new smelting and improve process for stronger steel, and the amount of pressure that Blastoise's cannons would be forcing out can make a already good tool even better.

furnace (BOF). Steel can also be made in an electric arc furnace (EAF) from scrap steel and,

Steel is a common alloy made up mainly of iron, along with various other elements. Because of steel’s amazing strength that can withstand high pressure and temperatures, it has many different uses in the construction business (Mukherjee). Alloyed steel is used for the bodies and framework of many buildings such as skyscrapers and other things including bridges, machinery, large carrier ships, and various auto parts for vehicles. (Mukherjee) Steel is not only used in construction, but also in manufacturing. Stainless steel is extensively used to make assorted kitchen cookware, cutlery, and other appliances (Mukherjee). Other forms of iron that are commonly used in manufacturing are cast and wrought iron. According to many people, cast iron is a practically indispensable part of any normal kitchen. Its uniform heating quality makes it a great choice for manufacturing skillets, which is its most common use (Mukherjee). Along with cast iron, wrought iron is a commonly used metal in manufacturing. Wrought iron fences, trellises, arbors, and patio furniture are examples of common items found in the outdoors of average households (Mukherjee). This research will

Though steel was strong and better than iron, iron was more prevalent before the creation of the Bessemer’s Steel making process because of the price of steel was very high, around £40 and the use of Bessemer’s Steel making process lowered it down to around £6-7, this greatly helped increase

Steel is an alloy primarily containing iron with slight amounts of carbon carefully controlled. Steel provided both the strength of cast iron and ductility of wrought-iron, making it a viable option for constructing tall buildings, particularly the construction of skyscapers.2 These two factors enabled steel to be molded into strong frames that did not require additional bracing for support, unlike iron. Therefore, steel made building light and tall structures a feasible idea. The primary type of steel favored for constructing tall structures were carbon steel. Carbon steel is a type of steel made from iron and a tiny amount of carbon (2% to be exact). Iron is quite soft in its pure form, yet by blasting it in a furnace, it becomes hard. However, this process results in the iron becoming more brittle at the same time due to the high content of carbon as well as other impurities. In order to make it less brittle, carbon is extracted from the iron until only a precise amount remains, creating steel. Iron is used because it is fairly strong despite being brittle after coming out of the furnace and is also very abundant. Carbon is used to make the iron stronger, and by controlling the amount of carbon in the iron, the iron becomes less brittle. Through this process, steel is

Steel products were defined by several attributes which determined the product application and defined quality. Grade described the metallic (chemical) composition of the steel, or the elements added to the basic recipe of iron and carbon to create the desired properties. Product described the shape of the product, including semi-finished shapes (blooms, billets and bars) and finished shapes (wires and coils). Surface finish described the smoothness and polish that could be applied to the material’s surface to enhance presentation. Size described the latitudinal and longitudinal dimensions of the product. Structural quality described the absence of breaks in the inner metallic structure. Surface quality described the absence of cracks or seams on the surface. Because specific applications called for specific attributes, many products were customized along one or more attributes for the customer. However, of all attributes, customers valued most the grade, which determined product performance.

India’s economic growth is very much dependent upon the growth of the Indian steel industry. One of the major indicator of economic development has always been the consumption of steel. Steel is an essential element in sectors such as housing, construction and land transportation, special steel’s use is growing in engineering industries such as power generation, petrochemicals and fertilizers. India is at the central position on the global steel map, with the establishment of new steel mills, continuous modernization and upgrading old plants, improving backward integration and energy efficiency.