Maternal Employment And Child Development

55% of American mothers now return to work by the time their children are one years old -- out of either financial, professional, or personal necessity. In today’s society, there are concerns as to whether attending daycare during infancy produces negative or positive effects on the development of children. Many of these concerns are influenced by the fear that separating an infant from its mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. No study finds that children of employed mothers suffer solely because their mothers are working. Research has shown that mothers who work spend as much time playing with their babies as do mothers without outside jobs (Huston &

Over the past five to six decades women have been entering the workforce in ever increasing numbers. Some enter because of financial need and others for professional and career goals. Whatever the reason, the result for the children is the same; they are in daycare. Many

Children are being robbed of their childhood by corporations, that do not care about them. These corporations turn a blind eye towards the dissatisfying life, that is led by these children. They do not care about the children's education or the manner in which they grow up, and they expose them to harsh physical labor and unsatisfactory pay. These children are robbed of the years in which they should lead a normal child's life, and they don't get to truly enjoy being a child. These children are exposed to unhealthy situations to both the body and the mind,situations that a child should not be involved in. They are often unable to pursue proper academic studies, because of their jobs, and this could be because they aren't allowed to study, or simply that the lifestyle they lead doesn't allow them to study. On the other hand, children working at a younger age helps them shape an appreciation for hard work, and they learn to value money and time. Working at an early age also helps shape the economy of the third world countries that these children work

This researcher proposes to examine and evaluate current problems associated with inadequate childcare for parents who work

The modern day woman works outside of the home, but then returns and continues to take care of housework and the children. Sociologists refer to this part of the woman’s day as the, “Second shift.” Two studies conducted found that if a man is more economically dependent on his wife, he is less likely to do housework. However, no evidence suggests that becoming economically independent makes marriage any less desirable for a woman. The family is the initial agent of socialization in their child’s life, however, even though the mother of the family may have the job with longer hours and better pay, the parents will still reinforce traditional gender roles in their household (Thompson 301-302.) This behavior can cause a child to embrace the stereotype that the woman’s only role is to cook, clean, and take care of the children. Even if a woman is the primary

Furthermore, it will analyze current literature reviews on positive impacts on the families by increasing the subsidized childcare centres at a low cost to encourage more participation of mothers in the labour force. Ultimately resulted in the economic growth and reduced poverty rate. Few fundamental concerns will be addressed over the universal childcare program, including lack of regulated childcare spaces as a result of an excessive number of children. Moreover, possible negative impacts on children’s development when increased in time span away from parents. Lastly, discuss possible actions that government might take in order to resolve the issues as policy

The article talks about how some mothers who gave up their employment to monitor their children’s studies and also go to school with them, just to make sure their children succeed. Parents even monitor their children’s five plus hours of nightly homework. Children aren’t allowed to watch television until the homework is done.

Over the years, the role of mother in the life of their children has been crucial and prominent. The child’s first education starts at home with their mother. The mother teaches the child how to walk, how to talk, and how to become a strong man or woman in the society. Some mothers will even stop going to work in order to take care of their kids so that they can be a better person and a good citizen.

According to statistics, employment in never married mothers increased nearly 50%, single mothers who HS dropouts increased by 2/3, young single mothers nearly doubled (Karger et al., 2007). But the problem is, are these jobs sufficient enough to get these people out of poverty? There are issues with employment of individuals. These issues include a lack of work experience and education as well as poor health (Urban Institute, 2014). Needing to work also impacts parent(s) and their duties for their children because of long hours, stressful commutes, ad stressful working conditions. These types of stress lead kids to take on the responsibilities of their parents to take care of their younger siblings (Boscia, 2010).

A child’s first 12 months is described as being a “critical” time in it’s development, and nature versus nurture begins to take place in its development from the earliest of stages. According to Christopher Ruhm, “environmental factors are also likely to be significant in the formation of learning skills, self-esteem, and emotional security” (Ruhm, 2007). If mother’s are forced to go back into the workforce due to lack of funds or job security, this most likely means that their child will have to be placed into a daycare of some sort, unless a family member is able to care for the child while the parent is away. While daycares may aid in cognitive development and social development due to the nature in which day cares are run, a mother may be compelled to raise the child in their own way, and provide the environment in which they would like to have their children raised. Although the difference is small between children who were home with their mothers versus at daycares, if a mother is able to be home and commit her time to raising her child, it has been shown that the child will in return perform better in a variety of areas. According to the Ruhm, “maternal employment during a child’s first year appeared to negatively affect subsequent cognitive test scores and was associated with increases in behavioural problems” (Ruhm,

“Child labor keeps children out of school and is thus a major barrier to development. (1)”

In the past 30 years, one of the most dynamic social changes in the history of the United States has taken place in the area of employment, specifically of women with children. Although, to some degree there have always been employed mothers, today a greater proportion of mothers are employed than ever before. Statistics show that in 1976, 48% of the population of women categorized as “married women with children” were employed and it increased to 62% in 1986 just 10 years later. What are the causes for this and how does it affect the children?

Mothers who worked in occupations with a variety of tasks and problem solving opportunities provided more warmth and support and a greater number of stimulating materials. Their children manifested more advanced verbal competence. Such findings are consistent with the classic argument of Kohn & Schooler (1982): "What parents experience at work, they incorporate into their styles of parenting."

Negative effects of child labor can be solved through provided and accessible education to continue a child’s growth

In most modern industrialized countries, the proportion of working mothers with children under 18 greatly increased in the last few decades of the 20th century, to the point that one-half of all mothers with children under 5 are in the workforce.