Maturational Perspective of Motor Development

Physical development is the growth of movement skills in both fine and gross motor skills and development in hand to eye co-ordination. Each of these is

In social psychology when nature or nurture is mentioned this always brings up arguments and debates. It said to be dated back to Victorian era and it’s a never ending battle (Maribeth Mabanag).They argued that one of either nature or nurture was responsible for how human turned out in life. This is something no scientists have been able to prove up to these modern times. Nature is said to be things that you are acquired your from parents and you are born with such as this like you eye colour, hair texture and your nose. It is said that whatever you are born with is responsible for how you develop in life. When they speak of nurture, this deal with the effect of the environment and how it helps develop a child’s life. However, certain human traits remain a biological mystery. These traits have been studied on the "outside" but whose "inside" origins remain unclear. Such "mysterious" traits can be anything like intelligence, athletic ability, skin tone and muscle mass. So all the assumptions and

Physical development: this refers to the body increasing in ability and functionality and comprises of gross motor skills (using large muscles) with movement in their legs and arms whilst also developing fine motor skills (precise

The way a child learns to develop a motor skill can depend on various factors. For example, a child’s ability to jump can be influenced by genetics and by nature. People might argue that genetics are more important in determining how high the child will be able to jump. While others might argue that jumping is mainly determined by how you teach and train a child to jump. This is an example of the nature versus nurture debate. Although genes may play a role in developing a child’s skills. This paper will discuss how nurture has more of an influence on how a child’s motor skills develop than nature. The main focus will be how nurture plays a greater role in developing skills such as writing, running, and writing. Nurtures influence on these skills will show how genetics are not as important in the development of motor skills.

The preschool period is a time of enormous growth and change in the areas of physical, cognitive and social / emotional development. During these years, children continue to integrate previously acquired skills into more complex and dynamic states (Berk, 2007). Like every living thing, I was growing and expanding physically. This physical development was remarkable in this stage due to the fact the brain functions such as neural pathways and activities of frontal lobe developing rapidly (Berk, 2007). Therefore, this normative brain development may have allowed me to improve motor skills such as running, skipping, throwing, kicking, jumping and balancing

The classic debated topic of Nature versus Nurture has been and will always be a quarrelsome subject in the scientific world. Meaning, the issue of the level to which environment and heredity sway behavior and development in a person. Nature can be defined as, behaviors due to heredity. This means the behaviors is based on the inherited makeup of an individual and is an influence of the growth and development of that individuals’ all through life. On the other hand nurture is causes of behaviors that are environmental. This Intel’s the influence is from the individual’s parents, siblings, family, friends and all other experiences that individual exposed to during life. However, these concept of ideas supports the inborn genetic framework,

Nature versus Nurture is the issue of the degree to which environment and heredity influence behavior and development. In this issue nature can be defined as, behaviors due to heredity. Which means behaviors are based on the genetic makeup of an individual and is an influence of the individuals' growth and development throughout life. On the other hand nurture are causes of behaviors that are environmental. Which means the influence is from, parents, siblings, family, friends and all other experiences to which the individual is exposed to.

One of the main, and most controversial topics discussed in a child’s development is, nature vs. nurture. Nature pertains to genetic influences that a child has inherited from their parents, such as traits, abilities, and capacities. For instance, what color eyes the child may have, how athletic they may be, and even their brain development. Whereas nurture, refers to the environment the child is raised in and how this shapes their behaviors. Such factors can include, the family’s socio-economic status, schooling, parental discipline, as well as whether the child is provided with enough resources. When it comes to nature or nurture having a stronger influence then the other, the answer is both, nature and nurture, influence the outcome of the child. This idea that both nature and nurture, play a part in how the child will develop, is known as the nature-nurture continuum.

Nature is when genes and DNA are linked to the development of the brain and nurture is when experiences, such as being frightened or scared, are linked to the development of the brain. One manner in which nature influences development is when genes or DNA molds a person and give predetermined roles to neurons. Examples include being born with the ability to breath, regulate temperature, etc. One manner in which nurture influences development is when we are dealing emotions. When an individual undergoes an experience, emotional connections are made.

For my child's gross motor skills I had them stand one foot for five seconds. Then I had my child jump over a pillow. I then observed my child at the park, playing tag. He was able to run and swiftly change directions. My Child's Motor skills are a typical of a 4 year old. Maturation of the prefrontal cortex impulse control and myelination of the corpus callosum and lateralization of the brain permit better physical coordination.(Berger, 2016,pg.254)

From birth, a child starts to develop physically and is a process that continues into late adolescent. Physical development involves the development of your muscles, control over the body and physical coordination. When looking at a child’s development we focus firstly on gross and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are the coordination of small muscle movements such as hands, fingers, eyes and mouth. For example, grabbing, pinching, blinking and speaking are all contolled by your fine motor skills. Then we have the gross motor skills, they are the movement of the larger muscles and enable your body to walk, stand, jump run and balance.

Motor skills involve movement of muscle in the body (John, 2009). These are larger movements such as crawling, running, and jumping (John, 2009). Most of the gross motor development occurs during childhood (John, 2009). Gross motor skills have two principals that determent how a child will regularly develop (Center of diseases Control and Prevention, 2016). Head to toe development this means the upper parts of the body will develop before the lower parts of the body (John, 2009). Children develop these skills throughout play (John, 2009). A tree year old Toddler can be very active therefore participating in activity that require movement, coordination, and balance can be beneficial to help a toddler to develop their motor skills (Jan, Beth & Melissa, 2012). A 3 year old child can throw a ball but catching it is more difficult. They start walking with good posture similar to an adult; they can also walk backwards (Jan, Beth & Melissa, 2012). A 3 year old can run which required strength and balance, during running they should be able to rotate their trunk and swing their arms (John, 2009). By the age of 3 a child walks up and down stairs alternating their feet without support which is possible because their balance has increase (John, 2009). A 3 year old child also learns to jump from a step and learn to jump forward (Center of diseases Control and Prevention, 2016). They start hopping at the age of 3 ½ and also can stand on one foot (Center of diseases Control and Prevention, 2016). Skipping requires sequencing and rhythm which makes it more difficult this include step and hop patterns.

Very Well Mind has explained the definitions and thought processes of scientists and biologists. Nature refers to all of the genes and hereditary factors that influence who we are—from our physical appearance to our personality characteristics. Nurture refers to all the environmental variables that impact who we are, including our early childhood experiences, how we were raised, our social relationships, and our surrounding culture. Biological variables have been seen as one of the biggest nurturing parts of children. However, some things happen naturally, no matter the influence coming from outside sources.

The basic elements of the nature-nurture controversy, debates the genetic or environmental effects of IQ, personality and behavioral differences in humans. Nature describes an inherited trait, otherwise known as the genes, containing the genetic code for each individual born. These genes contribute the physical characteristics, for example: eye color, skin pigmentation, hair texture, blood type, longevity, etc. Genes impose certain diseases, such as Huntington 's Chorea, Breast Cancer, Down Syndrome, and many more. Nurture describes an influence on the individual by the surrounding environment. This surrounding environment includes: parenting, culture, learned experiences, nutrition, exposure to toxins, pollutants and medications. In summary, scholars have been in debate for years over the issue determining the development of an individual from birth to an adult. Are issue of IQ, personality and behavior, inborn or are they learned? Or is it both? The nature-nurture controversy continues still today (McLeod, S. A. (2007).

These skills need to be constantly used and refined in development so that they’re maturing at a steady rate. The development of these skills is of upmost importance because these are the muscles a child will use all day every day, when walking around the house or when playing with friends at school. These muscles will be continually engaged and having a good solid foundation of these working muscles will improve the early stages of a child’s life. The development of gross motor skills will generally speaking grow from inside to outside as well as head to toe, which is consistent of an infant’s same develop in the mother’s womb. As a child is progressing through the first two years of life, many changes will occur. The child will first learn to balance the body and move towards controlling the muscles of the body, then on to crawling and supporting itself, and by the end of that second year of life the child will have mostly refined skills that allow for play and overall being more mobile in moving around and navigating through day to day movements. Along with this increased mobility, a child will be able to get different places like on furniture, or up stairs but getting back down will be the hard part. As well as, the infant’s muscles’ may be progressing but the ability to stop and switch direction in movements is however not fully developed at this point.