Measure Nitrogen Lab

When you are doing the displacement method there can be an error on how much volume of water you accurately pour in.

Hello Mrs. Graham Ma, I heard from your grandson that you needed an explanation about your urinalysis. First off a urinalysis is a an examination of your urine to see if you have diabetes, an infection, any issues with your liver, and any problems with your kidneys. The first thing examined is the color of your urine. Since the color is amber, that is a good sign its normal. One particular issue that I see with your urinalysis is that it is turbid.

Creatinine is produced by your muscles as they breakdown creatine, a substance involved in muscle contraction. Creatinine is formed at a constant rate in the body and excreted by the kidneys, so by evaluating the amount of creatinine in your blood, your doctor can determine how efficiently your kidneys are working. Creatinine levels are measured by taking a sample of blood from your vein; then, the concentration of creatinine in your blood is compared to a standard amount for your age and sex. Increased blood creatinine levels may indicate an increase in lupus involvement of the kidney.

Assignment: As a Registered Dietitian, you have been invited to a “Lunch and Learn” program at a very large law firm. The firm must make a decision about which company they will select for a year long beverage contract. The lawyers have three choices: water, Gatorade or Powerade. Out of the 55 attorneys that will be attending your presentation, 32 of them workout regularly, about 60 minutes, five days per week.

My hypothesis was that the shells will slowly erode the shells. My hypothesis is correct because the cup with the biggest change in acid also had the biggest weight change. I know my hypothesis is correct because the shells all changed at least a little in weight. One thing I did not state that should have been stated was that the more amount of acid the more it affects the erosion of the shell. I think that i can prove my hypothesis true if I continued this research until it finally completely erodes. Something is true from what I learned and

Miller’s initial laboratory tests revealed an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN). When a patient has a massive upper GI bleed, the digestion of blood proteins causes an increase in the BUN (McCance & Huether, 2014). During a GI bleed the blood volume is depleted inducing Mrs. Miller’s tachycardia (McCance & Huether, 2014). This decreases the blood flow to the rest of the body including the kidneys and the liver causing renal failure and liver necrosis (McCance & Huether, 2014). It would be expected that both the direct and indirect bilirubin levels would be elevated. Mrs. Miller’s total bilirubin level is elevated at 2.3; depending on how the labs trend there could be some significant damage to the liver such as cirrhosis (McCance & Huether,

It is vital to do blood test, urinalysis, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance, and blood urea nitrogen to assess for the renal function in patients. It is important to thoroughly assess the patients for signs and symptoms. Patients may feel tired or decrease appetite. Also, the patient may have generalized edema around the ankles and feet and increased urination during the night. Educate patients on keeping a log on intake and output this will assess if medication to effectively working

In the nitration experiment, a 5 mL conical vial was obtained, and a rice stir bar along with 0.5 mL of concentrated nitric acid was added to it. Slowly 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to the nitric acid. The conical vial was placed in the appropriate hole in the aluminum heating block and the heat was turned to 50 degrees Celsius. The conical vial was attached to the micro-jacket condenser. The water hose was not attached to it.

Lab values are abnormally high in patients experiencing dehydration. Lower levels are associated with patient’s suffering from of anemia and malnutrition. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp.470-494). BUN is used for assessing renal function and fluid hydration status. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp. 1542-1548) Creatinine is also used to assess kidney function. Fluid volume may also impact this level. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp. 631-638). Albumin is used to assess kidney function and overall nutritional status. This laboratory value is monitored for potential need of additional nutrition. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp. 24-28). Glucose levels indicate how much sugar is in the blood. High levels are an indication of diabetes and excessive food intake, where low levels indicate hypothyroidism and starvation. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp. 853-863). Sodium levels are used to assess electrolyte balance related to hydration levels. Abnormal sodium levels in anorexia nervosa patients may be a result of diuretic usage or abuse. Patients suffering from anorexia nervosa may also increase their fluid intake when it is time to weigh. This practice allows the patient to appear to have gained weight when in fact it is fluid volume weight gained. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp. 1396-1402). Potassium levels assess fluid and electrolyte balance. This lab value aids in diagnosing acidosis, renal failure, and dehydration. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp. 1281-1285). Calcium levels are referenced in regards to various organ functions in the body systems. Deficient nutrition in patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa prompt calcium levels to get depleted. If the level gets too low or too high, cardiac arrhythmias could result. (Van Leeuwen, 2013, pp. 340-347). Bicarbonate indicates if there are any acid-base imbalances. This laboratory value is often reported when an

Perform a urinalysis when possible to find levels of Specific Gravity (how concentrated the urine is), pH, Protein, Blood, Nitrites, Leukocytes, Ketones, Glucose and Bilirubin. The results of this test can help identify any possible impairment in renal function and identify the presence of an infection (Vera, 2011).

Conclusion: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of an unknown acid by performing volumetric analysis via a titration procedure (Beran, 2014). The acid that was used as the analyte was unknown A, an originally clear solution of hydrochloric acid that turned hot pink after having added approximately 14.50 and 14.40 milliliters of sodium hydroxide, for trials 1 and 2 respectively. The molarity calculated for this acid was found to be 0.86 M, but this value is not accurate because the indicator showed that too much sodium hydroxide was added to the solution, eventually passing the endpoint, resulting in a vibrant pink color instead of the intended light pink hue. The true concentration of this acid must then be less

working from his own improvised laboratory in the attic of the medical ward. He checked the urine samples first visually and then chemically for acidity, pus, protein, and glucose. Protein or glucose in the urine would have suggested kidney malfunction, especially diabetes. But all the tests were negative. Except

Creatinine is a chemical waste molecule which is produced by muscle metabolism and also to a minor amount by eating meat. Creatinine is generated from phosphocreatine, a compound of major significance for energy production in the muscles. By passing the blood through the kidneys, most of the creatinine filtered out and disposed in the urine. Therefore, its levels in blood and urine may be a fairly reliable indicator of kidney

The kidney is an important organ of the body because it serves as a filter for the wastes in the bodies. Ideally, urine contains very little amounts of protein. It cannot surpass the perm selectivity of the glomerulus because proteins are considered as macromolecules; they are too big to be filtered. The normal amount of protein that should be present in urine is 150mg/day or less, but in some cases, it exceeds the normal range, which results to a “foamy” urine. This is what happens in Proteinuria.

Proteinuria is often used to detect the presence of any type of proteins in the urine and serves as a diagnostic tool for renal disease and hypertensive disorders. Among those disorders, pre-eclampsia is characterized by low renal perfusion and leakage of proteins in urine due to a damaged glomerular base membrane (1). This condition is associated with a high risk of maternal complications and prenatal mortality. Pre-eclampsia is usually defined as a combination of hypertension, edema and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and is determined by a threshold of 300mg/24 hours of proteins (2). Normal urine excretion is up to 150mg/day (3).