Measuring Density Lab

because each of the objects displaced the water by 1 mL, their mass over that mL is their density.

Every individual is different in a specific way. Like people, substances have unique qualities, such as properties, which aid chemists to differentiate and identify the particular components the substances consists of. These particular qualities are identified as either physical or chemical properties. Physical properties are properties which do not require a chemical change of its composition in order for the substance to be classified. A few examples of physical properties include color, density, odor, boiling point, melting

Matter is defined by Lucretius as a primordial entity free of void and decay; they are the atoms that create entities. Atoms and primordial entities are synonymous with each other: the solidity of matter is called “procreant atoms, matter, seeds of things, or primal bodies, as primal to the world” (107-108). Lucretius uses all these words, emphasizing the simplicity of his philosophy. This simplicity is explained as he declares: “primal bodies are solid, without a void” (596). Because he believes that all entities are composed of primal bodies and a void, the primal body must be free of any void, thus giving substance to the object. He declares that entities are composed: “partly primal germs of things, and partly unions deriving from the primal germs” (566-567). This definition states that all matter consists of atoms, which, when combined, form molecules. Molecules, as defined by science, are the “unions” of atoms. This scientific principal is further explained: “So primal germs have solid singleness, which tightly packed and closely

Purpose: To become familiar with the International System of Units and common laboratory equipment and techniques. To learn how to determine volume, mass, length, and temperature of a wide variety of items. To learn how to calculate density and concentration of dilutions.

Procedure: Using distilled water, premeasured containers and objects determine displacement of fluids and density of objects. Use ice and heat measure temperatures in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

The composition of a pure substance is constant, and thus pure substances have characteristic physical properties that do not change and this is why we are able to separate each element in this lab experiment. Examples of physical properties that can be used to describe pure substances include solubility, conductivity, magnetism, density, boiling point, and melting point.

This experiment was performed to observe differences in density based on the chemical makeup of an object. Pennies minted before 1982, pennies minted after 1982, and an unknown metal sample was tested to see if there were any differences in their densities. Ten pennies from each category and the metal sample were weighed using a scale to find mass and the displacement method was used to find their volumes. The masses and volumes were then used to calculate the densities of the pennies (D=m/v). The density of the pre-1982 pennies were 8.6 g/mL while the post-1982 pennies were 6.9 g/mL. The metal sample’s density was 1.7 g/mL. Following the experiment we were given the real densities of each item to calculate the percent error with the formula

Matter is often defined as mass that can be physically observed by the senses, it can be measured scientifically and is tangible , it could be said the material world unlike aspects of social worlds is less abstract and easier to define, for example a building which comprises of bricks, wood, metal and other materials built into a specific shape compared to a community which can relate to people of the same place or shared values or interests or all. That is not to say that matter just is, it too can have agency and varying meanings dependent upon the

2. In order to calculate the density of a solid or liquid sample, what measurements are needed?

C. An unknown, rectangular substance measures 3.6 cm high, 4.21 cm long, and 1.17 cm wide.

Another term to remember when considering changes chemical and physical is the law of conservation of mass. This law simply means that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Two other terms that are important when describing the properties of substances undergoing changes are extensive and intensive properties. An intensive property is a physical property of a substance that does not depend upon its size such as viscosity. Extensive properties however do depend on a substance’s size such as mass and volume.

In the lab “Mixed Substances,” the objective was to see how properties of individual substances compare with properties of a mixed substance. The word mixture can be defined as a combination of two or more substances that are mixed together physically, not chemically. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in uniform structure or comparison throughout the substance (Ex. Milk/ Popsicle). Lastly, a heterogenous mixture consists of dissimilar parts and elements (Ex. Pizza/ Salad).

States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container; and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy whatever volume is available.

Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and can be perceived by one or more senses; a physical body, a physical substance, or the universe as a whole. There are four distinct states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. There are other states of matter such as Bose-Einstein condensates and neutron degenerate matter, but those states can only be found under extreme conditions.

Furthermore, the measurements from a wooden block and a metal object were taken to calculate their volume and density. In this case, the calculations were more precise but due to other sources of errors, which may be systematic, random or personal, the data was not 100% accurate. There are always certain uncertainties associated with any type of measurement and it is important to know that no measurement will be one hundred percent correct.