Mechanical Properties Of Graphene Using Different Potentials

For each test sample, we designed 49 (7×7 array) different indent locations (Fig.9) with a spacing of 15μm. We could get 5 hardness and modulus values respectively for each location from one loading-unloading curve, and therefore 245 hardness and 245 modulus values totally for each sample. By averaging the hardness and modulus, the test results were summarized in Table. 4. Center region was the middle area of coating which was fully deposited with nanoparticles, while transition region is the edge of coating which was partially

This report aims to analyse and discuss the results of carrying out tensile tests for two materials, in this case Mild Steel and Nylon. The purpose of this is to use the information generated to calculate Young’s Modulus, Yield Stress, Tensile Strength, and Percentage Elongation. These properties must be known before designing a product using the materials tested, because the anticipated behaviour of the material must be suitable for the design specification, with a margin left for safety.

In contrast, there are a range of sociological theories that attempt to explain the cause of crime. One example of this is the ‘Structural Strain Theory’ developed by functionalist Robert Merton. This functionalist view states that societies are branded by both culture and social structure. Culture creates goals for people in society whilst social structure supplies (or fails to supply) the means for people to achieve those goals. In a well-integrated society people attempt to achieve these goals in an acceptable and appropriate way according to the explicit and implicit rules of that society. Therefore the goals and means in this society are balanced, however when an imbalance occurs, this is what causes deviant behaviour transpire. One paradigm that explains this theory is people who aspire to be economically successful (goal) will get a job to earn money (appropriate means of reaching that goal) and this type of person is called a conformist. However someone from a lower class who may not have the opportunity to receive a good education in order to get a job therefore they will surpass the acceptable means of reaching this goal. Therefore they are more likely to conduct deviant behaviour to reach this goal e.g. theft and this type of person is called an innovator according to Merton due to their acceptance of the cultural

This describes graphite, but doesn’t speak of any quantities or statistics. To make this observation more quantitative, I could relate this information to the hardness scale. The hardness scale states that a fingernail has a hardness of 2.5. From this, I can conclude that graphite has a hardness less than 2.5 since harder objects scratch softer objects.

Crime has been a pressing issue in society for many years and criminologists have been aspired to discover ways in which to explain people’s action, specifically criminal activity. To try and find a solution criminological theories are created and applied to individual experiences/situations. In this essay I’m going to explore, evaluate and critique sociological explanations of crime.

For my mechanical modeling project I will be doing a bicycle bell. The reason I am doing a bicycle bell is because the mechanics are simple but will teach me a lot. To create the bell, I will use my knowledge of modeling actual objects to make gears and other parts including the axle, and actual screws attached to the gears. You can see the actual bell on the link above.

Table 4 provides a summary of the tensile properties. It can be seen from the table that the tensile strength of the investigated grouts are in the range between 11 and 19 MPa respectively and tensile modulus for tested grouts are approximately 17 GPa. From the test results, the highest tensile strength was obtained from grout A with 0% of graphene content with 19.11 MPa.

What is graphene? According to Merriam-Webster, graphene is defined as “an extremely electrical conductive form of elemental carbon that is composed of a single flat sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating hexagonal lattice

Sociology can be looked at and studied in many different ways. Sociology is usually split into many different places so that sociologists can look at one individual group instead of everyone together. This is a society. A society is an organised group of people. Sociologists study these groups to get more accurate information.

In this lab, deflection and strain are measured in an attempt to confirm Hooke’s law and the Euler-Bernoulli bending beam theory. In addition, the measured data allows us to calculate the modulus of elasticity (Young’s Modulus) or E of the cantilever beam. Through the course of the experiment our observations revealed that the addition of weights deformed the beam in response to the applied stress. This deformation can be modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam bending theory. Our experimentation and calculations revealed that our data did indeed prove the theories mentioned in this lab. Furthermore, our values for the modulus of elasticity or E came within the range of established values found online.

It is currently used to manufacturer sporting goods and electronic components. Scientists tout graphene as the next silicon. The material is one million times thinner than paper and harder than diamonds, while conducting 200 times more electricity than silicon – a tremendous implication for the electronics industry. These advances come at a hefty price, but researchers at Caltech have discovered an improved manufacturing process for the material. Once researchers refine this process, manufacturers may also use the material for goods such as solar power and surface

Nickel is a transient metal with melting temperature of 1455C under atmosphere. So the initiated growing temperature was 1000C with the mixed gases of argon, hydrogen and methane. Argon was served as the buffer gas, which created an inert environment, hydrogen helped in the annealing process, and methane was served as the carbon sources. For using nickel as the catalyst for synthesis graphene, different parameters used will yield graphene with different number of layers and different quality. The carbon atoms solubility on nickel is 0.6% weight around melting point compared to copper, which is 0.008% weight around its melting point.[77]

Different structural arrangements in the carbon atoms determine the outcome of the mineral. Diamonds are the hardest mineral; they are formed under a covalent bond which is very strong. Graphite on the other hand is one of the softest; it is held with a softer bond. Despite the difference in structure, both of these minerals are made from the same substance, pure carbon.

Each carbon atom is covalently bonded (sp2 hybridized) to three other carbon atoms in a hexagonal array, leaving one free electron per each carbon atom. Each hexagon in the graphene sheet exhibits two pi-electrons, which are delocalized allowing for the efficient conduction of electricity. A single layer of graphite is called grapheme. This material displays extraordinary electrical, thermal and physical properties. Graphene is technically a non-metal but is often referred to as a quasi-metal due to its properties being like that of a semiconducting material and allowing it to display high electron mobility at room temperature.

Graphene is a form of carbon which has recently been receiving a great deal of attention. Some have come to call it “the wonder material” due to its many extraordinary properties. Although isolated in 2004, graphene's properties had been calculated decades earlier. It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. A single sheet of graphene is stronger than steel and yet remains very flexible, retaining all of its properties despite being bent and unbent multiple times. It is able to sustain extremely high electric current densities, is impermeable to all gasses, has a thermal conductivity double that of diamond and a very high electron mobility at room temperature. It is also easily chemically functionalized,