Mechanical Ventilation Research Paper

Respiratory therapy refers to both a subject area within clinical medicine and to a distinct health care profession. During the 20th century, there were many health care fundamental transformations. Here are 10 possible predictions of what may occur in the future of respiratory care: (1) Less focus on raising PaO2 as a primary goal in managing patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. (2) More attention to

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. More fluid in your lungs means less oxygen can reach your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they need to function.

ARDS is acute respiratory failure with persistent hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, dyspnea, noncardiac-associated pulmonary edema, and dense pulmonary infiltrates on the chest x-ray. The main site of injury within the lung is the alveolar-capillary membrane

In 1986 Watters et al developed a composite clinical-radiographic-physiologic (CRP) 75 scoring system based on several parameters as dyspnea, chest radiograph, spirometry, lung volume, diffusion capacity, resting alveolar-arterial PO2, and O2 saturation corrected for maximal achieved VO2max in 26 biopsy-proven IPF patients. Scores ranged from 0 to 100 (100 being the most severe disease). The authors looked at the relationship between CRP scores and histopathologic findings, including a cellular pathology score based on abnormalities considered potentially reversible, a fibrotic pathology score based on abnormalities felt to be essentially irreversible, and an index of overall pathologic derangement (total pathology score). The CRP score determined after 6 months of corticosteroid therapy showed a

Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) has been used as long-term ventilation for over 70 years to manage chronic ventilatory failure. In the United States, the first introduce of mechanical ventilation was by the use of the iron lung which used with polio victims (Tobin, 2006). Iron lung was the only way available that time to ventilate Poliomyelitis patients and injured army soldiers (Goldberg, 2002).In 1950s, the use of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with mouth piece have began ,and in 1952, the use of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (SIMV) via tracheostomy was introduced (Tobin, 2006). In France, professor Rideau had tried applying another method of mechanical ventilation for some of his patients who were suffering

COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation found in the airways lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature (Huether and McCance, 2012). The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and involves many mechanisms. However, the primary process is inflammation (Huether and McCance, 2012). The inflammatory process starts with inhalation of toxic particles and gases. The airways become inflamed, resulting in excess mucus production; Peripheral ways undergo repeated cycles of injury and repair of the airway walls with resultant structural remodeling (Huether and McCance, 2012). The lungs can be inflated quickly but can only partially deflate.

In COPD most attention has focused on the chronic obstructive bronchitis with fibrosis and obstruction of small airways, alveolar wall destruction (emphysema) with enlargement of airspaces and destruction of lung parenchyma, loss of lung elasticity and closure of small airways [152].

Acute respiratory distress syndrome can develop if your lungs fill with fluid. This can lead to dangerously low levels of oxygen in your blood.

There are several types of mechanical ventilators and ventilator mode settings. All of them have distinctive features that can aid patients towards recovery and therapy. Professionals in the medical field would agree that medical interventions such as intubation and mechanical ventilation can critically save and support patients who are suffering from severe acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A type of ventilation called the high frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) is being advocated as a vital therapy to patients with ARDS as well as an effective method in treating smoke inhalation injury in burn patients. Compared to the conventional mode of ventilation, HFPV can greatly improve oxygenation and ventilation. Furthermore, HFPV is now being widely used especially when conventional modes of ventilation cannot achieve oxygenation and ventilation goals (Kunugiyama and Schulman, 2012).

Thank you Adam, I agree that there is a 12 case series but as you indicated that series reported weaning nava on invasive ventilation. If I remember right ( I need to review recent data) there is no report/case review that discuss using NAVA in both invasive and noninvasive ventilation during the weaning phase in CDH patients. Mike, what do you think about reporting our experience and emphasizing the use of NAVA during noninvasive ventilation?

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS happens when the alveoli in the lungs builds up fluid. Consequently, the buildup of fluid in the alveolar sacs starts to deprive your body of oxygen. The less oxygen that is circulating through your body will result in your vital organs not getting an adequate amount of oxygen to function properly. Normally, individuals who develop ARDS already have some type of critical illness. The normal causes of ARDS differ subsequently, separating them into two separate categories: direct or indirect injuries to the lung. Some of the direct injuries include pneumonia, aspiration, and smoke inhalation from a house fire. Some of the indirect injuries would include sepsis, inflammation of the pancreas, and blood transfusions.

In order to improve the amount of oxygen and to reduce the burden to the lungs, most ARDS patients will be monitored on a ventilator to support them for breathing, while the lungs goes through process of healing. If the inflammation and fluids still persist in the lungs some patients may develop into scarring of the lung tissue, which is known as fibrotic stages of ARDS. During this stage the lungs will be able to inflate and deflate and all of sudden it may stop, which may cause the lungs to collapse and also a condition known as pneumothorax. Neutrophils are enlisted to the lungs by cytokines, become activated and releases toxic mediators, such as reactive oxygen species and proteases. Extensive free radical productions defeats endogenous anti-oxidant and will cause oxidative cell damages. And “according to C.Melissa Pharm D, C. Michelle, Pharm D, R. Mark, MD in Drug Update journal pathophysiology of ARDS is characterized by 3 progressive clinical stages, the exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic

The name of the disease that I have selected to write this disease paper about is acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome according to our text book Respiratory Care Principles and Practice by Dean Hess states that acute respiratory distress syndrome is “characterized by the abrupt onset of respiratory distress; associated with severe hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary opacities on chest radio graph that are not caused by congestive heart failure or volume over load; Pao2 < 200 MMHG.” (Hess, 1287). Acute respiratory distress syndrome is respiratory insufficiency marked by progressive hypoxemia due to severe inflammatory damage causing abnormal permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane. The alveoli fill with fluid, which interferes with gas exchange. ETIOLOGY according to Taber’s medical dictionary, acute respiratory distress syndrome can typically be a result of or from trauma to the lungs for example in situations like near drowning, aspiration of gastric acids, and severe lung infection or systemic disorder. Shock, septicemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiopulmonary bypass or reaction to blood transfusions. Widespread damage to the alveolocapillary membranes is initiated through the aggregation and activity of neutrophils and macrophages and the activation of complement. Cytokines, oxygen free radicals, and other inflammatory mediators damage the walls of capillaries and alveoli, producing diffuse inflammatory interstitial

My purpose in this research is to compare two of the most well-known and major ventilation systems. These systems are used in many institutions both public and private and they are designed to remove contaminants. This review is important because a good clean environment (including air that is free of toxic pollutants) is of vital interest to the community. No one should have to worry that the air they are breathing is harmful to their health. This outline will feature detailed information on "dilution (or general) ventilation" and "local exhaust ventilation"; it will also present contrasting aspects of both kinds of ventilation. There are advantages and disadvantages to both systems of ventilation. The public should be knowledgeable about these systems of ventilation for their own health and well being.

inflammation and damage in alveolar region of the lung. These levels are at or below