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Media Development in Kenya

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MEDIA DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA
1960 TO LATE 1990

This article highlights the role of Mzee Kenyatta’s nation building press and Media in the “Nyayo Republic” in developing media in Kenya. Kenyatta’s reign was characterized by less stringent controls of the media. Moi on the other hand towered Kenya’s political scene during his regime and greatly impacted the direction the media took through his relations with them and the policies that his government put in place. Of interest is the fact that Kenya had just acquired its independence and the perception of a one nation, one people would prevail, however the country set out with political fall outs, emerging oppositions and ethnicity issues. Both regimes used the media and state resources to …show more content…

McChesney (1998, p. 25). On the other hand the government indirectly supported the mainstream media by frustrating the alternative media. A few alternative media survived after their collapse at independence. They became increasingly vocal, disillusioned with the pace of change and the political rifts among the political elite. In 1966 Odinga fell out with Kenyatta after being expelled from the ruling part, subsequently there was a major crack down on the emergent alternative English- language media, such as the Christian publication Target. Several underground publications, including Pambana, Mwananchi and Mzalendo had no known official offices. The government viewed alternative media as a threat to its nation building project, as Kenyatta’s aim was to establish “the nation rather than the ethnic group as the pre-eminent political community” Ndegwa (1997, p.606).
The Nation and The Standard directly and indirectly participated in promoting the government’s political project of nation building. Despite being mild government critics they appropriately popularized the state’s invented mythologies which gave a major boost to Kenyatta’s regime. They adopted the use of references to the president as Father of the Nation and to Kenya as a family. As Father of the Nation, he appropriated the title Mzee. This title came with a broadly agreed upon hierarchy of relations, one that was culturally legitimate and enhanced political legitimacy. Therefore its referents were highly

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