Mediastinal Tumors Research Paper

Malignant mesothelioma is a cancer of organ linings. Two types of mesothelioma are peritoneal mesothelioma and pleural mesothelioma. Peritoneal mesothelioma affects the lining of the abdominal cavity and pleural mesothelioma affects the lining of the chest wall and lining of the lungs. Pleural mesothelioma (or lung mesothelioma) is more common than peritoneal mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is an asbestos cancer. Exposure to asbestos often takes place at job sites. Many people who are diagnosed with mesothelioma worked with asbestos containing products such brake pads, roofing shingles and tiles. Workers at high risk of asbestos exposure include mechanics, electricians, plumbers and construction workers.

Reaching out to the American Cancer Society, as well as nurse practitioner Mary Hesdorffer. I become knowledgeable on the diagnosis of Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma comprises 3% of cancer diagnosis. It develops in the mesothelial cells in one’s body; cells that are protective lining for the body’s organs and cavities. The disease has five known forms. Four of the forms are malignant cancers, with one being benign. Malignant cancer grows and invades the surrounding tissues, were benign cancer does neither. Pleural Mesothelioma develops in the lining of the lungs, known as the pleura with 70% of diagnosis being this form. Peritoneal Mesothelioma develops in the lining of the abdominal cavity, known as the peritoneal membrane with 25% of diagnosis being this form. Pericardial Mesothelioma develops in the lining of the heart, known as the pericardium, with 5% of cases being pericardial. Testicular Mesothelioma develops in the tunica vaginalis of the testicles, being the most rare form with fewer than 100 documented cases. Benign Mesothelioma, only form were full recovery is the probable outcome, is a form of mesothelioma that develops in the pleura, difference being its stagnant.

Have you ever experienced losing the one you love? Do you remember what it feels like? It almost feels like you are empty, that a part of yourself is missing. Whether it is your marriage or short term partner, a breakup isn't easy, but is it for the best? Well imagine being in a band with the person-- does the band break up... or do you work it out and create something magical? Some say it's better to have loved and lost than to never have loved at all, and in Fleetwood Mac's case that is defiantly the reasoning behind their album Rumours. Millions of people were able to relate to Fleetwood Mac's Rumors due to the way they were able to make a private matter public.This disquisition will explain why Fleetwood Mac's Rumours is considered a classic album; What exactly has to be taken into consideration for an album to be considered a classic? A classic album should include stupendous artistry, sharp production work, iconic packaging, critical acclaim, and even the albums commercial success.

These tumors create from the solid mesothelial cells found in the linings of internal essential organs of the body. Asbestos filaments cause hereditary transformations in these cells that make them duplicate wildly, shaping a tumor.

Follicular tumors, on the other hand, grow only on one side of the gland. These tumors develop in the hormone-producing cells and account for 30% - 50% of all thyroid cancers (Thackery 1057). Medullary thyroid tumors account for 5% - 7% of all thyroid cancers, and are usually uncommon. Like papillary tumors, they grow on one or both sides of the gland. Anaplastic tumors, though extremely rare, develop on either side of the thyroid gland and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. It account for only 2% of all thyroid cancers but is the fastest growing, and most aggressive thyroid cancer type (Thackery 1057).

Table - 1: Frequency of individual benign tumors in different age groups. Histological type Age in years 0-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 >70 Total Serous cystadenoma 2 6 20 6 3 1 1 39 Mucinous cystadenoma 2 4 7 3 3 1 1 21 Cystadeno- fibroma 1 1 Benign mature teratoma 1 5 1 7

Malignant bone tumors have a propensity to spread via the bloodstream to various areas of the body, especially to the lungs and other bones. Annually, approximately 2800 new bone sarcomas are diagnosed in the United States. Unlike soft tissue tumors, malignant bone tumors present most commonly with pain. Therefore, these tumors require serious therapy plans that typically involve some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and bone reconstruction. Specifically, the treatment of a malignant tumor calls for resection of the main tumor as well as the normal tissue surrounding the cancerous area. Bone sarcomas can come in three types: Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and Chondrosarcoma.

Fig:Transverse sonography image shows well circumscribed hypoechoic, oval shaped mass without any suspicious characteristics, suggesting probably benign lesion (BIRADS category 3) in a 32-year-old woman with palpable breast mass. It was confirmed as fibroadenoma on sonography-guided core biopsy (Kim et al, 2008).

These tumors tend to be up to 5cm on average, but may be several times this size as well. Studies report that up to 90% of these tumors are benign, with around 10 to 15% of them being malignant. While benign tumors do not metastasize to distant sites, they tend to grow very aggressively and may recur locally. Their malignant counterparts behave like sarcomas and metastasize via the blood. The lungs are the most common site of metastasis. Other areas of spread include the heart, skeleton and liver. Most patients with metastasis cannot be cured and do no survive longer than 3 years after they have been initially

A solid tumor is an abnormal localized multi-dimensional mass of tissue that occurs at a specific site in a solid organ such as the breast, the lung and the colon and which does not contain liquid areas [8]. Solid tumors represent the majority of human cancers [9]. Unlike Hematological diseases such as Leukemia, Basic and Clinical Researches on solid tumors are less common due to the fact that solid tumors are less sensitive to Cancer therapy than hematological malignancies [10]. Also, cells within a solid tumor do not respond equally to cancer therapy; this is due to the heterogeneity in the blood vessel distribution within a tumor and also to the difference in the proliferation rate; in fact, a solid tumor is composed of both proliferating

In some cases, the tumor does occur randomly with no association to genetics or other existing health conditions. These forms are described as sporadic and generally don’t spread to other parts of the body, unlike an aggressive fibromatosis condition also referred to as desmoid tumors outside the abdomen.

Benign cell is used to describe both medical conditions tumors an usually refers to a process that's not especially dangerous. For instance uterine fibroid are common benign tumors. Benign is not cancerous, will not cause death. There are different types of benign tumors the most frequent tumor in women is perimenopausal. The benign tumor can be deadly if it grows in an enclosed space such as the skull, or in regions of the body where their presence can damage vital organs they can be dangerous.

The most important factors to classify tumors as benign or Malignant is its invasive potential1. First of all, Benign tumors lack the ability to invade adjacent tissues and are in a confined location typically encapsulated in a fibrous capsule2. Whereas, malignant tumors will often require chemotherapy and radiation, while benign tumors can be removed by surgery alone2. Third, benign tumors rarely recur after surgery, while malignant tumors are known to recur much more commonly2. In fact, surgery to remove benign tumors are much easier in contrast to malignant tumors2. Also, it is harder to remove malignant tumors because they attack and access nearby tissues, whereas it is easier to remove benign tumors for their clear fibrous boundaries2.

Due to the presence of internal hemorrhage, necrosis, and calcifications, these tumors tend to vary in appearance with frequent heterogeneous enhancement. They are bilateral in 2% to 10% of cases.

The tumours are classified as measurable lesions (target lesions) and non-measurable (non-target lesions). The lesions that measure more that 2.0cm by non-helical CT methods and 1.0cm by helical CT and which can be measured accurately repeatedly are considered as measurable