Mediated Clot Reaction Process

2(529) Atherosclerosis is the main pathologic process responsible for the progression of this disease. Initiation of atherosclerosis begins with injury to the endothelial lining of the arterial wall. Platelets adhere to the injury site causing aggregation and growth factors to be released (PDGF). 4(110) An inflammatory response is then activated promoting further adhesion of platelets. Next, blood cells pick up low-density lipoprotein (LDL) turning them into non-functioning cells, or plaque. The build of plaque causes intimal hyperplasia, forming a fibrous cap, which slowly occludes the lumen of the artery. 5

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome that occurs when a stimulus pathologically activates intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting in an unbalanced hemostasis (Cunningham, 1999; Huether & McCance, 2008; Wada, 2008). The initiation of DIC starts with the release of tissue factor (TF) by the endothelial cells or white blood cells (WBCs). TF are present on many different cell types including lungs, brain, and placenta. The release of TF is subsequent to a variety of causes including trauma, ischemia, excessive metabolic stress, tumors, infectious organisms, exposure to cytokines and endotoxins (Baglin, 1996; Vinay, Abul, Nelson, & Richard, 2007). The release of endotoxin is the means by which

Immobility during long journeys or during disease struck period leads to many different complications. My interest in the problems faced by patients after surgeries and the elderly with less mobility, leading to deep vein thrombosis. Being able to recognize someone affected by Deep Vein Thrombosis, and diagnosing it before there are other complications that are formed due to this blockage between the veins. In the circulatory systems, the method of transport of blood from the heart and to the heart, operate on different mechanisms. Arteries have elastic muscle lining, which can withstand the pressure when the blood is pumped from the heart. Veins are transporting de-oxygenated blood back to the heart, and they lack muscle lining.

Adhering platelets release growth factors that enhance smooth muscle proliferation in the vessel wall. Consequently, platelet aggregation is able to contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis

The MPL gene provides instructions for making the thrombopoietin receptor protein, which promotes the growth and division (proliferation) of cells. This receptor is especially important for the proliferation of certain blood cells called megakaryocytes, which produce platelets, the cell fragments involved in blood clotting. Research suggests that the thrombopoietin receptor may also play a role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, which are stem cells located within the bone marrow that have the potential to develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

An atherothrombotic event result in infiltration of the vessel wall caused by high levels of fibrongen, increased blood viscosity, increased platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. A pivotal role is played by inflammation in all phases of atherosclerosis. There are several characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques including the expression of cellular adhesion molecules (CAM), blunted vascular reactivity, and a prothrombotic state. Recent studies suggest that in atherosclerotic plaques PPAR- gamma (Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) is highly expressed and dugs that mimic PPAR gamma may have inhibitory effects on inflammatory process resulting in improvement of endothelial dysfunction and can modify major transcription factor

Blood clots are a serious side effect when it comes to taking the pill. Certain pills may cause or increase the risk even more. According to Planner Parenthood "The progestin in YAZ, Gianvi, YASMIN, Ocella, Syeda, and Zarah, Beyaz, and Safyral may be linked to a higher risk for blood clots than other birth control pills" It is a good chance doctors will advice women to stay away from these. Anything that can increase the risk of blood clots should be avoided because blood clots are very serious and dangerous. The most familiar place for the clot the leg or lung. The pills do not cause the clot it can higher the chances of getting one. "For the average woman taking birth control pills, the absolute risk of a blood clot is very small: Only 1

In most cases, if you were to tell a client that their cat has a paralysis inducing spinal cord disease they would be rather confused. Let me break that down for you; paralysis is a loss of voluntary movement in the animal. The spinal cord clearly has to do with the back, and a disease is something that causes the body to not be one hundred percent healthy. Saddle Thrombus is a form of a paralysis inducing spinal cord disease that is found in cats.

Sam has identified thrombotic events as the problem in his problem statement. The surgical step-down unit would be the place that Sam would collect his data. Although Sam needs to be more specific. What surgical population is he wanting to do research on? Is it a particular type of surgery, such as orthopedic surgery, cardiac surgery, or neurosurgery? Does he want to narrow this search down to particular surgery? Is his research intended for all ages or a specific age range, as well as the physical health of the patient, is the patient obese or physically fit? Is the research culture related or ethnicity? Is the patient compliant? Non-compliant? Sam will need to consider all these factors as he is preparing for his problem statement and

Impaired platelet function has been described prospectively by Kutcher et al. in response to traumatic tissue injury. This describes the primary hemostatic mechanism in which platelet dysfunction can alter platelet adhesion

Thrombosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is also associated with the three major cardiovascular diseases: ischemic heart disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). In 2010, GBD documented 52.8 million deaths worldly, 12.9 million deaths were caused by ischemic heart disease and stroke collectively [56]. Thrombosis is the accumulation of blood clot in blood vessels and can be arterial or venous thrombosis. Arterial thrombosis is a thrombotic event in the artery wall and the primary trigger for such event is the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque which formed because the accumulation of lipid deposits and lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells). On the other hand, venous thrombosis is the thrombotic event

The effects of integrin’s vary from the type of protein they are and how they affect a certain part of the body. They are usually surface receptors that will interact with extracellular matrix. There is a family of alpha and beta classes which would usually form heterodimers. They are used for adhesion purposes most of the time and can also transduce a biochemical signal into or out of the cell. This process is called bidirectional, where the can transmit information from in and out of a cell. There are different structures that integrin’s play a role in. Integrin’s can bind to a ligand, where it will form a complex with a biological molecule that will usually serve as a purpose. They can go through a process called activation, where they would have a conformational change of the receptor. They can also trigger a cascade effect, which can change a receptors shape.

There is no fixed platelet count threshold in ICU patients that signals platelet transfusion (93), but because of hemorrhage fear there is a widespread notion that the platelet count should be maintained over 100X109/L in massive bleeding or when bleeding occurs at dangerous sites such as in intracranial hemorrhage (94).

If the blood clot in the patients calf may have been dislodge, there was a high chance of it

Platelets are small, granulated bodies that aggregate at sites of vascular injury. They lack nuclei and are 2–4 μm in diameter. There are about 300,000/μL of circulating blood, and they normally have a half-life of about 4 days. The megakaryocytes, giant cells in the bone marrow, form platelets by pinching off bits of cytoplasm and extruding them into the circulation. Between 60 and 75% of the platelets that have been extruded from the bone marrow are in the circulating blood, and the remainder are mostly in the spleen