Medical Intelligence: Challenges Facing Public Health

According to APTR (No Date), surveillance is the interventional information that includes assessment, policy development, and assurance. It used in estimation the problem degree, resolution of disease spread geographically, epidemics revealing, hypothesis initiation, preventive measure evaluation, and the alteration monitoring in infectious applies.

The 2014 epidemic was the first truly transnational outbreak of Ebola, the longest in duration, and the first with a human case diagnosed on American soil. (Wilson, 2015, 1) This was a pivotal moment of global health, as it occurred at the formal end of the UNMDGs, some of which aimed to improve health conditions in vulnerable countries. (Wilson, 2015, 3) These and other MDGs were set back by this epidemic, (UNDP 2014) exposing the role that chronically weak and underfunded public health systems played in disrupting perceptions of global health security. In an epoch characterized by neoliberal globalization, vulnerabilities caused by interdependency between the Global South are easy to identify, producing discourses of explanation,

Information and communication technology has been adopted and implemented within various sectors of the economy. This is attributed to the benefits of technology in facilitating organizational activities and processes and its use in meeting the changes which characterize the modern society. The health sector is one of the industries which have significantly implemented technology. The health sector’s technological applications have been achieved within health information systems. The implementation of technology in this sector has resulted into both positive and negative implications on health

Social networking platforms such as yahoo answers, Instagram, Facebook etc. have impacted the way people nowadays find and research diseases. When someone becomes concerned, they have easy access to research symptoms, diseases, causes and treatments. Companies such as WHO (World Health Organisation) and CDC (the Centres for Disease Control and prevention) have created websites which give all the information needed on most diseases. Not only is it easier to find information, it also helps raise awareness for diseases or charity. Technological advancements are helping people become aware of diseases such as measles and know preventions and treatments.

Although an infection may be rare or eradicated, specialists know how to care for them if an outbreak was to emerge. Additionally, the more the population and travel increase, the easier it is for infections to spread not only from person to person but from country to country (“What Is an Infectious Disease Specialist”). With the world population growing at great rates each year, it is vital for counties to prepare for the possible spread of a superbug at an exponential rate. To adequately prepare, there needs to be a great number of epidemiologists to devise action plans for the country and Infectious Disease Physicians to treat and isolate those who do become

Public health surveillance is the continuous collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, which can be disseminated “to public health programs to stimulate public health action” (Thacker, Qualters, & Lee, 2012). Importation gathered by the surveillance can

In modern medicine, the motives and procedures usually revolve around laboratory work and industrial machinery to solve an epidemic or discover the next big disease. However, some of the deadliest epidemics have been solved without technological advances and industrial medicine. Sometimes, deductive investigative work is more important, as Johnson (2006) claims “Cholera couldn’t be studied in isolation” (p. 98). Johnson exemplifies how the epidemic crisis didn’t need normative laboratory work with specialized machines to counter the outbreak, but rather a large-scale view with inside perspectives along with deductive reasoning to solve the phenomenon.

Disease surveillance systems, in relation to preparedness, consist of a security that endevors to make future catastrophic events available for immediate intervention. The primary purpose of the surveillance system is to assess public health status, define public health priorities, evaluate programs, and stimulate research. The system offers the opportunity to identify target populations in need of health services (morbidity surveillance in emergency shelters, for instance), providing pertinent information to public health representative to detect health topics that educational programs and media can addressed. The purpose of collecting surveillance data is to monitor disease trends, detect outbreaks, provide information to plan public health interventions, and stimulate research. Although specific uses of surveillance data vary depending on organization or agency, at the State and local levels, agencies might assure accurate diagnosis and treatment of infected persons, manage exposed people to disease, detect outbreaks, and guide the public. In this paper, the group will write a literature review on The New York

Epidemics have plagued the world for thousands of years. Today, that threat of disease has increased due to our mobile society. The few cases of Ebola Virus brought to the United States from West Africa are perfect examples of this threat. Educating myself on the Ebola epidemic left me with the impression that the world was tremendously unprepared for such a large-scale epidemic. The World Health Organization (2015) indicates an abundance of factors, including mobile populations, shortages of health care workers and personal protective equipment, and community resistance, that have been contributing to the disease’s transmission from the onset. In the West African epidemic, basic hygiene procedures such as frequent hand washing

Specifically, the resources attributed to healthcare and infectious disease control, particularly in developing countries is limited, and as a result this could make a healthcare-based response illequipped to handle the substantial scope of an outbreak, allowing the disease and its security consequences to spread. Therefore, NGOs and affected states have a strong interest in declaring an outbreak a security issue as it creates a justification for the channelling of resources, awareness and capacity to tackle the disease that otherwise would not be available under traditional healthcare and humanitarian budgets. A key critique levied against the WHO in its failures in West Africa were linked to the substantial recent reduction in funding. Securitisation not only mobilises state resources, but also raises awareness and investment from the population of the securitising nation, as said by political journalist Barton Gellman in relation to the global AIDs epidemic, “when the rich lose the fear, they are not willing to invest in the problems of the poor”. Thus is arguably in the interests of states, NGOs and the international system as a whole to securitise infectious disease outbreaks, as it addresses appropriately addresses the significant risks created by an outbreak in today’s world, while also mobilising the substantial capacity required to fully and effectively contain an outbreak.

A Case Study: The Future of Business and Clinical Intelligence in the U.S. Provider Market

The manuscript seeks to address the importance of the health information in the society. The importance of the health information will be based on the relevance of the news to the individuals and to the society as a whole. The manuscript will evaluate how individuals, the professionals and the organizations use the health information. The author will explore the use of the health information to improve the provision of quality in the health sector and in the social settings in the community. Finally, the manuscript will explore the possible future of the information technology. A conclusion will be made based on the findings of the study.

Bioterrorism threats as well as emergence of new pandemic and drug-resistant variants of known infections require development of the tools that would adequately predict occurrence of epidemics, assess efficiency of countermeasures, and optimize the efforts directed towards provision of biological safety.

Since year 2000, there have been several international collaborative efforts which has given rise to the establishment of Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, Pandemic Influenza Framework Preparedness etc. The WHO was instrumental and contributed significantly in the fight against Ebola. The WHO was instrumental in identifying the virus as earlier speculations were wrong. This was due to that the symptoms are similar to other diseases and most developing nations lack the medical resources used in carrying out the tests. WHO alongside its collaborating partner Institute Pasteur in Lyon, France carried out the tests. The organization set up objectives and frameworks in order to curb the spread of the epidemic. One of the measures taken was the prevention of mass gatherings like burials. For instance, a burial ceremony held in Sierra Leone resulted in about 345 secondary cases. By 2015, WHO through its successful coordination of international partnerships were able to provide assistance to 800 community hospitals by providing 2000 medical staffs, establishing 23 collaborative centers, 900 epidemiologists, training 4000 health workers, provision of about 1.5 million protective equipments, and implementing the preparedness plans in 15 countries. In addition to that, WHO push towards raising an estimate of US$ 490 million. Medecins Sans Frontier were among the first to raise an alarm within 48

Moreover, in his Global Health Security Agenda, as President Obama (2011) acknowledged, “health security threats arise from … the emergence and spread of new microbes, the globalization of travel and food supply, the rise of drug-resistant pathogens, the acceleration of biological science capabilities [that] cause inadvertent … release of pathogens, and … terrorist ...use of biological agents.” Coupled with the medical facts that HIV is contracted, as pointed out by The Levin