Medical Research Vs Cross Sectional Studies

Whether research is experimental or developmental, there are no guarantees of perfect study processes or results, since both random and systematic errors are expected. Errors and uncertainties of a study’s outcomes surface almost every time. Faulty, aged or incorrectly calibrated instruments, during an experiment, can lead to important alterations of results. Distracting environments definitely influence the outcome. Finally, the human parameter in the sense of having ability to properly operate instruments and correctly interpret measurements definitely consist another factor of imperfect research (Bell 7-9).

Dunbar, G. (2005). Evaluating Research Methods in Psychology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Instructions: This is a group activity that you will start in class and complete at home. For each of the following, note, whether the research design used is an experiment, a quasi-experiment, or a correlational approach and why. If a study is an experiment, identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. Please type your answers in complete sentences.

The main purpose of the most researchers in conducting a research study is to achieve a statistically significant result. When we say statistically significant, it means that the result in a research study was not attributed to chance. In addition, it also means

Human development research seeks to understand age-related differences. Cross-sectional studies assess a number of people at one point in time, which allows us to compare age characteristics or particular age groups. This allows us to compare characteristics of particular age groups. When evaluating cross-sectional studies, one must look out for cohort effects, differences not attributable to age but to the particular time period in which the individual lived. This confounding effect obscures any relationship between age and experiences that might contribute to an understanding of development. Longitudinal studies, in contrast, are far more reliable and can be used to support definitive studies. “Longitudinal studies assess the same participants

Furthermore, to add to the equipoise of a study, it is always better that preliminary studies are complete whose results do not lean completely negatively or positively (Fries & Krishnan, 2004, p. 250). In fact, in the debate about equipoise in research, it has been noted that,

A quasi-experimental study is a subcategory of experimental design where randomization of participants is not possible or not needed (Wildemuth, 2009). These studies occur in natural settings when limited control over the variables is possible. The independent variable (treatment) is manipulated to see if a causal relationship exists (Haas & Kraft, 1984). Naturally occurring groups such as classes are generally used. The goal is “to produce reliable causal knowledge” (Haas & Kraft, p. 229). Internal and external validity are important to this design. Internal validity is determined when

This type of research is important to conduct because it broaches a new area of research that has gone unnoticed in previous studies and brings to light

There are six methods used to analyse trial design; of which are discussed as follows.

A cross-sectional study conducted between March 2016 and September 2016, among non-duplicate S. aureus isolates, obtained from clinical isolates and nasal swabs of hospitalized patients and HCWs, in four teaching hospitals (Alzahra, Shariati, Imam Kazem and ShahidChamran) in Isfahan, Iran. Samples collected from different wards, including surgery, intensive care units (ICUs), and internal medicine. Clinical isolates were obtained from the wound, blood, urine culture, sputum, peritoneum and synovial samples. This study was in accordance, with the declaration of Helsinki and informed written consent, obtained from hospitalized patients and HCWs.

The drawback to cross-sectional studies is the inability to express cause and effect relationships between the variables being tested. Or to make a convincing observation in regards to the course of the connection between variables.It is because of the concept of the snapshot at the single moment, that prevents the consideration of before and after that specific moment is analyzed (What researchers mean by cross-sectional vs. longitudinal studies.,2009). As it relates to longitudinal studies, they are observational as well. However, it is over an extended period. Like cross-sectional studies, the researchers are not entering with the participants or respondents. This method studies the same subjects several times over a period of years. This technique gives the scholar the ability to measure the change of data to be collected over time. Longitudinal studies come in three prominent types panel, cohort, and retrospective. The panel study is a representative sample of participants, and the retroactive study utilizes historical data that is sometimes compared to improved

Quasi-experimental research, which was once considered ‘flawed’ and less superior to true experimental research, has become increasingly popular over the last three to four decades in many areas, especially the social sciences (Coolican, 2014, p. 121). It differs from true experimental research design in the way that quasi-experimental research doesn’t involve random assignment of participants to groups and often has less control over the independent variable (Follmer Greenhoot, 2003, p. 94; Coolican, 2014, p. 121). An

My research is concerned about errors in Thai – English translation and I want to know what are the mistakes could be found in the translation. Therefore, I aim to ask the people who involved in my population to do a test. Then I will analyze what are the mistakes in the translation from the test. From the process I’ve mentioned above, I believe that cross-sectional design is the most appropriate design of my research.

A study design is the procedure that guides a researcher on how to collect, analyze and interpret observations. It is a logical model that guides the investigator while he navigates through the various stages of the research. Study types can be classified severally depending on the research strategy employed. A study type can be non-interventional that is ‘observational’ where a researcher just observes and analyses researchable objects or situations without intervening. Non-interventional study designs can be exploratory, descriptive or comparative. A study can also be

The unique strength of experimental research is its causality due to its ability to link cause and effect through treatment manipulation, while controlling for the spurious effect of extraneous variable.Experimental research is best suited for explanatory research, where the goal of the study is to examine cause effect relationships. It also works well for research that involves a relatively limited and well defined set of independent variables that can either be manipulated or controlled. Experimental research can be conducted in laboratory or field