Medicine In James Welch's Fools Crow

Fools Crow by James Welch is a historical novel that takes place in the late 1860s. The novel illustrates the life of Blackfeet Indians through the perspective of the protagonist, White Man’s Dog, and secondary characters such as Yellow Kidney and Fast horse as they embark on a journey to prove their manhood. The novel focuses on the physical and mental transition of White Man’s Dog to Fools Crow. The start of the transition begins with White Man’s Dog joining Yellow Kidney to raid the Crows of their horses. During the first chapters, he is depicted as weak and unwanted by women in the village. He states that he needs to retrieve the horses and defeat the Crows to gain respect and wealth among the natives. White Man’s Dog begins to feel guilty

Medieval medicine was rooted in Ancient Greek practices. In 65 A.D., a Greek writer, Discorides, wrote a book, Material Medica. The book is about medical use of over five-hundred different plants. The book is translated into Hebrew and Arabic. Doctors in the Early Modern Era knew very little, and they used plants as the most important care and/or treatment. Due to unsanitary places and tools, many different diseases spread around Europe. Life was challenging during the Early Modern Era because of many diseases(Alchin). During the 1500s- 1600s, diseases overtook many people because doctors knew little, medicine was unknown, and there were many causes.

The Civil War was a time of great learning in the medical field. Without these advances, we would live in a completely different world. The question is though, would the same amount of medical supplies and knowledge in both the North or South have changed the eventual outcome of the Civil War? Similar circumstances in medicine would have only affected the mortality rates of both sides, not the outcome of the Civil War. Almost all odds were against the South from the very beginning. It was just a matter of time from the very start.

In Ralph Ellison’s “Battle Royal,” the narrator begins with an old memory that haunts him; his grandfather’s last words to his family. Though the old man lived a quiet life in the shadows of the white man, he tells them to do the same, but also to not get undermined by them and be a “spy in the enemy’s country.” The speaker transitions to a specific night that he lived through the day after his graduation. Due to his brilliance and accelerated knowledge he is invited to a “smoker” event where all the topnotch white men go to smoke, drink, and for their peculiar entertainment. The event begins with young black men being rounded up as cattle and forced to witness a naked woman sensually dance for the men. As all men are aroused the white men

a novel titled Fools Crow. In this story, Mik-api’s experience as a medicine man not only provides an insight into the spirituality of the Native American culture, but it also has a great impact on the story. The author portrays this with great artistic quality through the sharing Mik-api’s story of

Just like other Indian kids on reservation, Crow Dog’s childhood was poor in everyway; didn’t have enough food, clothes, education, and parents’ love. She was

In the short story, “The Scarlet Ibis,” James Hurst indirectly characterizes the narrator as prideful and sadistic through his thoughts and actions, to convey the idea that an excessive amount of pride causes someone to be deceitful, and act for their own personal gain at someone else’s cost. The abundant amount of pride the narrator has blinds him, ruining his perspective of his brother, Doodle. “The Scarlet Ibis” revolves around the narrator reminiscing on his past memory of Doodle, his “invalid” younger sibling. The narrator longs for someone to run with, play with, and fight with; a brother to be proud of. However, the birth of a frail and severely disabled younger brother is a disappointment. The narrator’s pride along the storyline leads him further into believing in his own infallibility, after been emboldened by the success of Doodle.

Every culture has its traditions and folktales. Commonly, Native stories tend to make use of trickster figures to promote some sort of moral across. Coyote is one of the most frequent trickster figure amongst this narrative. This wild animal can at times be helpful, but more often than not his foolish and rash personality can meddle with the surrounding environment. Much like Zeus transformed into a swan in Leda and the Swan, Coyote could also change forms. Sometimes he’s an animal, other times he’s a person, or even at times he’s half human-half animal. Since trickster figures can change their physical shape, their personality is no different. It can vary, from the wise and brave fool such as the Coyote from Louisa McDermott’s Coyote Kills the Giant, to the plain unwise and meddlesome such as Coyote from Thomas King’s A Coyote Columbus Story. If one wants to examine Native American literature King’s and McDermott’s Coyote stories can be used to endorse an in depth investigation. Humour, irony, and proper oral techniques in both, Coyote Kills the Giant and A Coyote Columbus Story, demonstrate that Coyote stories can not only be fun and foolish, but also educational and powerful.

James McClurg was born near Hampton, Virginia in 1746. They know little of his parents or siblings. As he grew older he attended the college of William and Mary in 1762 and he also studied in Edinburgh, UK. James graduated college in 1770. Soon after his graduation he worked on medical studies in London and Paris, he posted studies on human bile and reflections on the biliary secretions in 1772. Not long after these Studies he became a surgeon for the state militia in 1773 during the Revolution.

The novel, Fools Crow, was written by James Welch as a Native American narrative set in 1870.  It followed the evolution of White Man’s Dog, later known as Fools Crow, an adolescent Pikunis Blackfeet Indian from the band Lone Eaters, who yearned to become wealthy and honored. An opportunity to attain the respect he desired emerged when Fast Horse and Yellow Kidney invited him along to a horse raid against the Crow despite his reputation for misfortune. While on their journey to Crow camp, Fast Horse disclosed a dream where Cold Maker instructed him to clear their water source and bring him two bull robes for his daughters in exchange for a successful invasion. White Man’s Dog also had a recurring dream of women sleeping in a lodge, who awoke with lust in their eyes, but it ended as he moved toward them. He was uncertain of the meaning though he “knew that there was danger in that direction” (pg. 18), and he chose to withhold its possible significance from his fellow warriors. White Man’s Dog was chosen to lead the capturing of horses, and kills a Crow guard who detected the warriors.

Westward expansion of the United States of America brought about significant changes in traditional life of indigenous American societies and had a significant effect on their future survival. This was clearly evident in James Welch’s novel, Fools Crow, as the Pikuni tribe in the Montana Territory struggle to deal with the effects of U.S. occupation. White Man’s Dog, later Fools Crow, goes through profound changes throughout the course of the novel as he himself comes to terms with foreign residence and lifestyle changes. White Man’s Dog, the son of a prominent Pikuni leader, journeys from a person who was shy and insecure to a fierce warrior that would later help his tribe

The improvement of medicine over the course of the human successes gave great convenience to the people of today. Science has cured and prevented many illnesses from occurring and is on its way to cure some of the most dreadful and harmful illnesses. As the world modernizes due to the industrialization, so does the ways of medicine. Some cures are approached by chance, some, through intense, scientific measures.

In the novel Candy stated, "I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldn't ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog.” This quote serves as an allegory. Through this, Candy has found the courage to own up to his decision towards injustice. Altogether Candy’s character symbolizes hope which causes Candy to stand up against discrimination .

Howl undergoes a physical transformations into a bird like creature and fights of the military. This animated transformation into an animalistic creature during wartime is an obvious metaphor, like myth in that humans are losing their humanity in war. This transformation signifies the animalistic features of a crow and direct links to the presence of crows at battlefields, ready to dine upon the

Since the dawn of time, the notion of preserving and prolonging the lives of Earth’s most dominant race has been widely studied. In simpler days, countless medicine men experimented to see which plants could not only stop the pain of the injured, but save lives of the dying. When successful, these practices found themselves integrated into the culture of a particular society, often inspiring a sense of astonishment from those able to witness their remarkable results. The significance of such natural remedies is ever present in Masha Hamilton’s Staircase of a Thousand Steps, where Faridah adopts this concept in a way that considerably goes beyond mere healing. In the novel, herbal medicine represents Faridah’s struggle to fully heal many wounds that have been inflicted through personal tragedy and mistreatment, as well as Ein Fadr’s destructive unwillingness to conform to modern day customs and advancements.