Mediolateral Episiotomy

Similarly the controls; untreated males and females) exhibited male and female characteristics respectively as this was somewhat intrinsic based on their genome, that is, what is contained in their genetic makeup and not dependent on the environment they were raised in. this is synonymous with the studies done with 16 males in that the majority of genetically male children behaved as male despite being raised as females. This behavior was already encoded in their DNA. However, with the 43 girls, the effect of testosterone was nil on the

Breech— a position of the fetus in which the feet or buttocks present first. Not favorable for vaginal delivery.

Delivering vaginally in any if these cases would be very difficult and dangerous not just for the mother, but also for the baby. However, cesarean delivery is not always chosen in advance, it is also used in emergency situations and during difficult deliveries where it may be the safest option about 10 to 15% of women develop problems that lead to cesarean birth (Lenox Hill Hospital, 1)

According to the Baby Center (2013) if your baby is breech, it means that he will come out feet first. Around 8 months, there is not much room in the uterus. Most babies decide to use the space for settling head down, in what is known as the cephalic presentation, but not all babies are content that way. A woman goes into labor at full term around 37 weeks or later. Around 97% of babies are going to come out head first. However, the rest of them are what is considered breached. Meaning that they come out anyway but head first.

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in breech presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with menstrual dates. A detailed anatomic survey was unremarkable but slightly suboptimal

| Visual examination of the abdominal cavity after making a small incision near a woman's navel and inserting an illuminated tube is called:

During your pregnancy, you've probably had at least one well-meaning friend or family member tell you a horrific tale of the time when they birthed a breech baby. If you have one of the estimated three to four percent of babies that are presenting breech at full-term, it can add a lot of stress during an already anxious time. Learn how you can help turn your breech baby and what to expect during labor to be prepared as much as you can when it's time to meet your new little one. What Does it Mean When a Baby is Breech?

Perinatal Asphyxia - This injury happens when a baby does not get enough air during delivery. It can be caused by the mother being sedated and the baby is born too early, fractures, or the equipment used by the doctor to remove a child who is stuck in the birth canal or is in the breech

There are various stages of labor. According to Chuma, Kihunrwa, Matovelo, and Mahendeka (2014) the initial stage of labor occurs at the onset of cervical change to complete cervical dilatation, and is further divided into latent and active phases (Chuma, Kihunrwa, Matovelo, & Mahendeka, 2014). When the cervix starts to efface and dilate up to 3cm, this is considered to be the latent phase. The active phase is declared when cervical dilatation increases, and occurs from 4 cm to 10 cm (Chuma, Kihunrwa, Matovelo, & Mahendeka, 2014).

The next topic discussed was active labor. When the uterus contracts, the cervix dilates (Kluny & Dillard, 2014). Then the cervix thins and softens, back pressure is experienced and abdominal cramping. Streaks of blood may be present as the mucous plug is ejected. After the cervix reaches four centimeters the labor progresses rapidly. The transition phase occurs when the cervix is dilated to six to eight centimeters. At ten centimeters the cervix is fully dilated and the first stage of labor is complete. The second stage is when the woman feels the urge to push, and with every contraction the baby moves further down the birth canal until delivery (Kluny & Dillard, 2014).

Of all pregnancies, only about 4 percent result in a breech birth, according to the American Pregnancy Association. In fact, it’s perfectly normal for the baby to stay in a breech position until the third trimester of pregnancy and the vast majority of practitioners don’t become concerned with this positioning until the 37th week. The Webster Technique comes into play with chiropractic care when the pregnant woman is experiencing breech positioning of the

The baby is too big for the birth canal. This can be confirmed with an ultrasound.

It is often recognized that a baby boy with genitalia is supposed to grow up to become a man. Anything that deviates from the norms of what the society perceives is “not

Few decades ago routine episiotomy was performed at the rate of up to 100% around the globe. Episiotomy was believed to ease vaginal delivery, reduce the rate of deep perineal tears, speed up the healing of the surgical laceration as opposed to the spontaneous vaginal tear and reduce postpartum complications, such as perineal pain and urinary incontinence (Hargrove & Penner, 2011).

Western culture is what established the basis of every person being either a man or a woman. The first problem that has consistently been a part of gender classification is the fact that its determined off of what’s seen between the legs at birth. The variability of the gender, even if seen in solely a biological sense, has more than just the two common possibilities. Trying to