Medsurge 867 Case Study Questions And Answers

The human body needs fluid in order to live, but sometimes the body can become overloaded with fluid in different areas of the body. In such circumstances, the excess fluid has to be removed. When the space between the chest wall and the lungs, called the pleural space, fills with too much fluid, a thoracentesis is necessary. A thoracentesis is a procedure that is used to relieve the pleural effusion, or

During inhalation the air sacs pull in oxygen and during exhalation the air sacs let out carbon dioxide. This gas exchange should happen without complication but with pulmonary edema fluid fills up in the alveoli in place of air, averting the bloodstream from absorbing oxygen. Pulmonary edema usually requires a hospital stay of a few days or longer. Patients are seen by several specialists during their hospital stay. Once the condition is controlled, outpatient treatment with a cardiologist or a pulmonologist is recommended (Mayo Clinic

This procedure is done to remove excess fluid, known as a pleural effusion, from the pleural space to help you breathe easier. It may be done to determine the cause of your pleural effusion. Some conditions such as heart failure, lung infections, and tumors can cause pleural effusions.” So, after my sister okayed the procedure, my mom flat out said “no, they’re not going to do that procedure on my husband,” which hindered his healing

Hospital admission may be necessary for treatment procedures such as chest tube thoracostomy, pleurodesis, and surgery

Pleural effusions definite as accumulation of fluid between two membranes the inner layer (visceral) and the parietal the outer layer (parietal). This space has usually an extremely little quantity of fluid about10 – 20 ml to provide lubrication between this two layers. Pleural effusion is a considerable problem subsequent pediatric cardiac surgery with a description occurrence of above 25%.1,2 It led to major morbidity subsequent pediatric cardiac surgery and increases intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospitalization. Pleural effusion is principally frequent following uni-ventricular surgery (palliation operation) .3Pleural effusions in after cardiac surgery may present into a multiplicity of customs. In many period, these patients may be entirely asymptomatic and pleural effusion is an incidental diagnosis on chest x-ray (CXR). On the other hand, may be depending on the amount of pleural effusions, these patients have been remarkable beginning of tachypnea dyspnea, breath briefness, chest pain and fever. Superior effusions may constant lead to hemodynamic instability. Therefore, rapid finding and treatment of these patients are very important.4The diagnostic methods are include, CXR is the most frequently method to investigation of large or small pleural effusions. In this technique the patients is radiation exposure and is a diagnostic method relatively

And it has changed the situation for the pulmonologist and pathologist. The main operation indications of EBUS-TBNA are that: The stage of lymph node (LN), diagnosis of lung cancer, diagnosis of unexplained hilar and/or mediastinal lymph node (LN), diagnosis of mediastinal tumor, external pressure lesions of trachea and bronchus, diagnosis of submucosal lesions, tracking small cell tumor. The main operation contraindications of EBUS-TBNA includes: The seriously injured pulmonary function of patient and patients with bad tolerance to EBUS-TBNA who cannot cooperate well with the procedure, patients with heart dysfunction, severe hypertension and arrhythmia (tachyarrythmia and bradyarrythmia), the body and other organs have badly exhausted, patients with aortic aneurysms, asthmatic attack or massive hemoptysis, patients with narcotic allergy, patients with coagulopathy

Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are the most related injury with subclavian catheter placement (kornbau, Lee, Hughes, & Firstenberg, 2015). In many cases the catheter or the guidewire may have inadvertently puncture the puncture the pleura space (Darovic, 2002). The risk is higher on patients receiving mechanical ventilation, especially the patients whose lungs are hyperinflated due to high levels of PEEP, resulting in tension pneumothorax (Darovic, 2002). The signs and symptoms associated with a pneumothorax are respiratory distress with increasing shortness of breath and hypotension (Darovic, 2002). Patients that on mechanical ventilation the most common signs are increased peak airway pressures, tracheal shift away from the attempted side absent or unilateral breath sounds with accompanying hypoxemia (Darovic, 2002). The respiratory therapist (RT) should do a complete assessment after CVC especially if pneumothorax is suspected. Proper placement of the CVC with chest radiograph (X-ray) (Darovic, 2002). The only way to confirm the presence of pneumothorax and hemothorax is with X-ray or CT (Korbau, Lee, hughes, & Firstenberg, 2015). The physician must be notified immediately to provide clinical intervention a tension pneumothorax can rapidly become fatal (Darovic, 2002). Prior to the procedure, the patient or surrogate must be informed of the risks and complications associated with

Monitor for respiratory rate, depth of respiration, and shortness of breath, Normal saline can accumulate in the base of the lungs decreasing the diameter of the airways and the amount of gas exchange, consequently; increasing the depth, and rate of respirations in order to oxygenate the different parts of the body. If the heart is lacking oxygen, it will increase the work load and this can be fatal for the patient with heart surgery.

by which the air is moved out of the lungs. The diaphragm, present at the bottom of the

According to 1989 recommendations, for patients using of ventilators more than 21 days should have a tracheostomy. However, the latest proposal suggests that if the patient cannot be extubated within 2-10 days, they should have a tracheostomy(Cheung & Napolitano, 2014). In Taiwan, the recommendation

After withdrawal of the introducer needle the biopsy site was then dressed with sterile gauzes and a post procedural CT chest done to evaluate for the presence of parenchymal haemorrhage or pneumothorax around the puncture site. Parenchymal haemorrhage was identified as areas of hyperattenuation around the lesion or along the needle path. The grade of pneumothorax and haemohrrage was determined accordion to known CT criteria [37, 38]. Small asymptomatic immediate pneumothorax was treated conservatively while placement of tube thoracostomy was reserved for patients with signs of respiratory compromise.

The patient was a 30-year-old woman who presented with tuberculosis, subglottic stenosis and an underdeveloped left main bronchus with expiratory collapse. Initial treatment included tuberculosis irradiation, subglottic tracheal resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis and left main bronchus stent placement. The stent was poorly tolerated and after multiple revision attempts it was ultimately

Checking the respiratory rate, depth and rhythm - Normal breathing is between 12 and 20 in a healthy patient, with a regular pattern and depth. If any of these deviate from normal, this may indicate an underlying problem (such as with Cheyne-Stokes respiration)

a breathing tube around his head and intravenous drip connected to his arm. His gaze is fixed

One of these is pneumothorax, or collapsed lung. This can occur if the cysts rupture through the lining of an affected lung. The air that collects in the space between the lung and chest wall must be removed in order for the lung to be reinflated. Pleural effusions may also occur. This is where bodily fluids collect in the space between the lung and chest wall, and it can often cause shortness of breath due to the restricted room to expand. Many later sym